بررسی آلودگی فلزات سنگین در ذرات‌‌معلق (PM10) (مطالعه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی میزان آلودگی فلزات سنگین در ذرات‌‌معلق (PM10) در اتمسفر شهر کرمانشاه است. غلظت 13عنصر فلزات سنگین (مس، نیکل، سرب، کادمیم، سلنیوم، روی، آهن،کروم، کبالت، آرسنیک، مولیبدن، وانادیم، آلومینیوم، منگنز) برای 55 نمونه خاک (در نقاط مختلف ارتفاعی 1600-600 متر) و 41 نمونه ذرات‌‌معلق به وسیله دستگاه ICP آنالیز شد. آلودگی فلزات سنگین با استفاده از شاخص زمین انباشتگی، شاخص آلودگی، فاکتور غنی‌‌شدگی و تحلیل عاملی بررسی شده ‌‌است. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که عناصر مس، سرب، نیکل، وانادیم، کادمیم، سلنیوم، آرسنیک، کبالت دارای آلودگی کم و عناصر کروم و آهن دارای آلودگی متوسط و عنصر روی دارای آلودگی زیاد و عنصر مولیبدن دارای آلودگی خیلی زیاد هستند. نتایج فاکتور غنی‌شدگی نشان داد که روی غنی‌‌ترین عنصر و به دنبال آن، مولیبدن با غنی‌‌شدگی بسیار بالا واقع شده ‌‌است که این امر نشان می‌‌دهد که آنها احتمالا به منابع غیر‌‌خاکی همانند خروجی وسایل نقلیه وابسته‌‌اند. فاکتور غنی‌شدگی آهن، مس، سرب، کادمیم، نیکل، وانادیم و کروم در گستره بین 1 تا 10 و با غنی شدگی کم تا بالا می‌‌باشند که دلالت بر آن دارد که این عناصر توسط منابع غیر‌‌خاکی انتشار یافته‌‌اند. بقیه عناصر (سلنیوم، آرسنیک و کبالت) دارای فاکتور غنی‌‌شدگی کمتر از 1/0 با غنی‌شدگی کم هستند که نشان‌‌دهنده آن است که این عناصر از پوسته سرچشمه گرفته‌‌اند. براساس نتایج فاکتور غنی‌‌شدگی و تحلیل عاملی این عناصر منشا انسانی دارند که انتشارات ناشی از وسایل‌‌نقلیه و سوزاندن نفت- صنعت نقش اصلی را در انتشار این عناصر به اتمسفر دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the Heavy Metals Pollution in PM10 Aerosols (Case Study Area: City of Kermanshah)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeinab Nazari
  • Nematollah Khorasani
  • Sadat Feiznia
  • Mahmoud Karami
University of tehran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research is investigation of the heavy metals pollution in PM10 aerosols in atmosphere in city of Kermanshah. The concentrations of thirteen elements consisting of Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Se, Zn, Fe, Cr, Co, As, Mo, V were analyzed by ICP for 55 soil samples (in various point of the height of 600-1600m) and 41 aerosols samples. The heavy metals pollution have been investigated using geo- accumulation index, contamination factor, enrichment factor, factor analysis. The results obtained from this studying, showed that elements of Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Se, Co, As, V have low pollution, elements of Fe, Cr have medium pollution, element of Zn has high pollution, element of Mo has very high pollution. Based on results of enrichment factor, Zn is the most enriched element. Mo have located after Zn. These elements have high EF-values. This indicates that they are probably dependent on non-soil sources such as vehicle exhaust. Enrichment Factor for Cu, Pb, Ca, Ni, V and Cr are in the range of 1 to 10. This implies that these elements were influenced not only by crust, but also by other pollution sources. Enrichment Factor of other elements (selenium, arsenic, cobalt) are less than 0.1. This indicates that these elements have originated from the crust. Based on results of enrichment factor and factor analysis, these elements have anthropogenic source that emissions of vehicle and industry-oil burning emissions have the main role in emission to atmosphere.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Contamination factor
  • Enrichment factor
  • Factor analysis
  • Geo-accumulation index
  • Heavy metals

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پژوهش های محیط زیست
دوره 10، شماره 20
مجله پژوهشی
اسفند 1398
صفحه 93-104

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