تبیین اثرات توسعه‌ای سدهای بزرگ بر پایداری بوم نظام‌های کشاورزی (مورد مطالعه: سد سهند هشترود استان آذربایجان شرقی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

این تحقیق برای تبیین اثرات احداث سهند بر پایداری بوم نظام‌های کشاورزی از سوی کشاورزان در هشترود آذربایجان شرقی انجام شد. در این تحقیق برای تبیین اثرات بر بوم نظام‌های کشاورزی از مدل مدیریت زیست بومی استفاده شد. در این رابطه احداث سد سهند به عنوان یک عامل محرک در نظر گرفته شد و اثرات آن بر ویژگی‌ها و مولفه‌ها و کارکردهای بوم‌نظام‌های کشاورزی و همچنین رفاه و معیشت روستایی تبیین شد. در این تحقیق جمعا 112 نفر به عنوان نمونه از بین کشاورزان ساکن در پایین دست و بالادست سد سهند برای تعیین عوامل اثر استفاده شد و با استفاده از روش تحلیل عاملی چند عامل شامل حفاظت از منابع آب و خاک، بهره‌وری کشاورزی، ارتقای معیشت و رفاه اجتماعی، ارتقای سرمایه فرهنگی و بهبود کیفیت زندگی، توسعه اشتغال و گردشگری و همچنین تغییرات کالبدی تبیین شدند. بر اساس مدل مدیریت زیست بومی این گونه نتیجه‌گیری شد که احداث سد سهند توانسته است از طریق تقویت پتانسیل اکولوژیکی بوم ‌نظام‌های پیرامون به کشاورزی و معیشت و رفاه ساکنان حوضه آبی رونق ببخشد هر چند به علت بی‌توجهی به پیوستگی حوضه آب و بوم‌نظام کشاورزی به عنوان یک چشم‌انداز، سبب برخی مشکلات در بعد برابری و عدالت به ویژه برای ساکنان بالا دست سد شده است. بر این اساس پیشنهادهایی به منظور ظرفیت‌سازی انسانی و قانونی برای استقرار مدیریت زیست بومی با تاکید اجرای برنامه پرداخت برای خدمات زیست بومی به ویژه تجارت کیفیت و کمیت آب ارایه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring the Development Impact Assessment of Large Dams on Sustainability of Agroecosystems (Case of Sahand Dam in Hashtrod- East Azerbaijan, IRAN)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Veisi
  • Farhad Nori Najafi
  • Kours Khoshbakhat
  • Reza Mirzaei Talar poshti
Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of Sahand Dams on the sustainability of agroecosystems in Hashtrod- East Azerbaijan basin, Iran. This study used an impact evaluation with ecosystem services approach to explore the effects of Sahand dam agroecosystems. In this line, building Sahand dam was considered as a diving force and its effects were scrutinized on the functions, properties as well as human welfare and livelihood. A total of 112 farmers were sampled who were settled in upstream and downstream, randomly. The principal component analysis was used to identify the impact factors of Sahand dam, explored several factors, including the protection of water and soil resources, agricultural productivity, the enhancement of social position and livelihood, enhancement of cultural capital, and quality of life, tourism and employment development as well as sturactural changes. According to ecosystem management approach, it was concluded that the Sahand Dam through strengthening ecological potential and capacity contribute to flourishing livelihood and community welfare. However, due to ignorance of the integrity of agricultural landscape upstream settlements face inequity in terms of income and resources. In this regard, human capacity building and the enforcement of new law for establishment of ecosystem approach in management emphasis on payment for ecosystem services e.g. water quality and quantity trading recommended.
                                
 
 
 
Key words:

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agroecosystem
  • Ecosystem management
  • Impact assessment
  • Sanhand dam
  • Sustainability
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