ویژگی‌های مغناطیسی ذرات ‌معلق انباشته روی برگ چنار برای پایش آلودگی هوا در تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست و انرژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحدعلوم و تحقیقات تهران

2 گروه زمین شناسی، آزمایشگاه محیط و دیرین‌مغناطیس، سازمان زمین‌شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، تهران

3 زمین شناسی (زمین شناسی ژئوکرونولوژی)، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران

4 گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

5 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

6 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

پایش خواص مغناطیسی ذرات‌ معلق در هوا که بر روی برگ درختان ترسیب شده‌اند اطلاعات مفیدی از توزیع فضایی ذرات معلق را در مناطق شهری و صنعتی فراهم می‌آورد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بسط و توسعه به‌کارگیری روش مغناطیس ‌سنجی محیطی برای مطالعه آلودگی‌های محیط‌زیست در ایران و بررسی و پایش آلاینده‌های فلزی هوا ناشی از تردد خوردها در برخی از نقاط پرترافیک تهران انجام گرفت. برگ‌های درختان چنار در مناطق درونی پارک چیتگر به ‌عنوان منطقه پاک و میدان آزادی و پل‌گیشا به‌عنوان منطقه پرتردد جمع‌آوری شد. در هر ناحیه پایه‌های درختی سالم در کم‌ترین فاصله از خیابان به‌صورت تصادفی انتخاب شد. جهت قرارگیری درختان نسبت به خیابان و نور خورشید و جهت وزش باد یکسان در‌ نظر گرفته شد. برگ‌های کاملا سالم از خارجی‏ترین قسمت تاج‌پوشش هر از سمت خیابان، از ارتفاع حداقل 5/1 تا 2 متری از سطح زمین جمع‌آوری شد. برگ‌ها در نایلون‌های لفافه‌دار در مخزن یخ با حداقل تماس دست قرار داده و درکوتاه‌ترین زمان به آزمایشگاه منتقل شد. مولفه‌های مغناطیسی اعم از پسماند‌ مغناطیسی طبیعی، پذیرفتاری ‌مغناطیسی جرمی، پسماند ‌مغناطیسی ایزوترمال و پسماند ‌مغناطیسی القایی اشباع شده در نمونه‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. غلظت مس، آهن، سرب و کادمیوم با طیف‌ سنج جرمی اندازه‌گیری و رابطه بین مولفه‌های مغناطیسی و فلزات بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که بالا‌ترین ارزش پذیرفتاری و پسماند ‌مغناطیسی اشباع برگ با ترافیک بالاتر خودروها در آزادی و گیشا در ارتباط است. بررسی ترکیب ذرات در منطقه چیتگر، ترکیبی از کانی‌های فرومغناطیسی سخت مانند هماتیت با غلظت بالا و کانی‌های فرومغناطیس نرم با غلظت کم را نشان داد که حاصل فعالیت صنایع پیرامونی و ترافیک بزرگراه تهران-کرج است. سهم حضور کانی‌های مغناطیسی نرم در هر دو منطقه آزادی و گیشا در مقایسه با چیتگر بالاتر بود. در آزادی اندازه ذرات بزرگ‌تر بوده و رفتار کانی‌ها نشان‌دهنده ترکیبی از حضور کانی‌های نرم و کانی‌های سخت بود، در حالی‌که اندازه ذرات در گیشا کوچک‌تر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Magnetic Properties of Air Polluting Suspended Particles Deposited on the Leaves of Platanus Orientalis to Monitor Air Pollution in Tehran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sara Abbasi 1
  • Aslani Atekeh 2
  • habib Ali Mohammadian 3
  • Seyed Mohsen Hosseini 4
  • Nematollah Khorasani 5
  • Abdolreza Karbassi 6
1 Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch of Tehran Islamic Azad University
2 Geology. Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran
3 Geology. Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran
4 Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Noor, Mazandaran
5 Faculty of Environmental Studies, Tehran University
6 Faculty of Environment University of Tehran, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Monitoring the magnetic properties of suspended particles in the air deposited on the leaves of trees provides useful information on the spatial distribution of the suspended particles in urban and industrial areas. This study was carried out to extend and develop the application of peripheral magnometry method to investigate environmental pollution and metal contaminants resulted from vehicle traffic in some areas of Tehran with heavy traffic. The leaves of Platanus Orientalis in the inland areas of Chitgar Park as a clean area and Azadi Square and Geisha Bridge as crowded areas were collected. Magnetic components such as natural magnetic residual, mass magnetic susceptibility, isothermal magnetic residual and saturated induction magnetic residual were measured in the samples. The concentration of copper, iron, lead and cadmium was measured by mass spectrometry and the relationship between magnetic components and metals was investigated. The results showed that the highest value of susceptibility and magnetic residual of leaf saturation was associated with heavier traffic of vehicles in Azadi and Geisha. The study of the composition of particles in the Chitgar showed a combination of hard ferromagnetic minerals such as hematite with high concentration and soft ferromagnetic minerals with low concentration, which are the result of the activities of the peripheral industries and traffic in Tehran-Karaj highway. The presence of soft magnetic minerals in both Azadi and Geisha regions was higher than Chitgar. In Azadi, the size of particles was larger and the mineral behavior indicated a combination of the presence of soft and hard minerals, while the size of particle was smaller in Geisha.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metal
  • Magnetic properties
  • Leaves of Platanus Orientalis
  • Environmental magnetism
  • Magnetic Susceptibility
  • Saturation Isothermal Remanent magnetization
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