پتانسیل‌سنجی و ارزیابی توان تولید بیوگاز از زیست توده فضولات دامی (نمونه موردی: گاوداری‌های صنعتی استان بوشهر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 کاندیدای دکتری برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌زیست، گروه مهندسی محیط‌زیست، پردیس بین‌المللی کیش، دانشگاه تهران، کیش، ایران

چکیده

مطالعه حاضر با هدف پتانسیل‌سنجی و ارزیابی توان تولید بیوگاز از زیست توده فضولات دامی در گاوداری‌های صنعتی استان بوشهر انجام گرفت. پس از بررسی تعداد و ظرفیت گاوداری‌های صنعتی فعال، میزان تولید فضولات در گروه‌های مختلف دام برآورد و پتانسیل تولید بیوگاز، انرژی حرارتی و برق قابل استحصال از فضولات دامی، محاسبه و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین در پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تاثیر یکی از عوامل محیطی بسیار مهم یعنی درجه حرارت بر میزان تولید متان در فرآیند هضم بی‌هوازی فضولات دامی پرداخته شده است. مطابق یافته‌ها، گروه‌های مختلف دام در گاوداری‌های صنعتی فعال استان بوشهر در مجموع ۵/۴۲ هزار تن فضولات در سال تولید می‌کنند. بیوگاز قابل تولید از فضولات ۹۷/۱ میلیون متر مکعب در سال می‌باشد. این مقدار بیوگاز تولید شده توانایی فراهم آوردن انرژی حرارتی به میزان ۴۴/۱۱ میلیون کیلووات ساعت در سال را دارد. همچنین، پتانسیل تولید برق از بیوگاز برابر با ۵۵/۳ میلیون کیلووات ساعت در سال است که می‌تواند ۰۵/۰ درصد از انرژی الکتریکی مصرفی سالیانه در بوشهر را جبران کند. بررسی تاثیر درجه حرارت بر محتوای متان موجود در بیوگاز مشخص کرد که درجه حرارت در فرآیند هضم بی‌هوازی فضولات دامی تاثیر بسزایی دارد. بطوریکه بیشترین میزان تولید متان برابر با ۴/۲ میلیون نرمال لیتر در هاضم در درجه حرارت ۹/۳۳ درجه سانتی‌گراد مشاهده گردید و با کاهش درجه حرارت تا ۶/۱۵ درجه سانتی‌گراد، تولید متان تا حد ۴۹/۹ هزار نرمال لیتر در هاضم کاهش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Specified Evaluation of Livestock Manure Resources for Biogas Production (Case Study: Dairy Industries of Bushehr Province, Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gholamreza Nabi Bidhendi 1
  • Ali Daryabeigi Zand 2
  • Maryam Rabiee Abyaneh 3
1 Profe, School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Assist. Profe, School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 PhD Candidate, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran
چکیده [English]

Considering the importance of animal waste obtained from livestock industries as the enormous raw substances for energy production, the present study was conducted to assess the biogas production potential from livestock manure in dairy industries of Bushehr province, Iran. Temperature is a critical parameter for anaerobic digestion since it influences both system heat requirements and methane production. So, a furthere objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lowland and highland temperature regimes on the methane production from dairy digesters. Therefore, in this study, obtainable amount of biogas was determined by using data from industrial cattle farms in Bushehr. Then, the amount of the electricity that can be generated from biogas was performed. The findings of this study indicated that biogas potential of 1.97 million m3 year-1 could be produced from livestock manure in dairy industries of Bushehr which could provide an electricity generation of 3.55 million kWh year-1. Methane production under mesophilic temperature conditions could be several times higher than the methane production at psychrophilic and low temperatures. As a result, the highest methane yield was found at temperature of 33.9 °C. Under these condition, methane production potential was found as 2.4 million NL CH4 digester-1. Results showed that anaerobic treatment of manure has the beneficial outcomes of reducing environmental pollution through proper waste management, reduction of unpleasant odors and microbial pathogens with a sustainable production of energy source as biogas.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Renewable energy
  • Biogas
  • Anaerobic digestion
  • Livestock manure
  • Bushehr
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