بررسی آلودگی فلزات سنگین و ارزیابی ریسک مصرف میوه سیب (مطالعه موردی: منطقه آیینه ورزان دماوند)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران

2 استادیارگروه محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن، رودهن، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف اصلی این تحقیق، بررسی تاثیر رهاسازی فاضلاب شهرک صنعتی بر باغ‌های درختان سیب در منطقه آیینه ورزان دماوند است. از چاه‌های آب منطقه به صورت ماهانه در دو فصل تابستان و پاییز 1396 مجموعا 36 نمونه آب برداشته شد. برای نمونه‌برداری سیب با توجه به وسعت منطقه، 10 ایستگاه در نظر گرفته شد و 30 نمونه سیب برداشت شد. جهت آماده‌سازی نمونه‌های سیب پس از خشک کردن‌، با استفاده از اسید نیتریک و پراکسید هیدروژن با نسبت 1:3و دمای 80 درجه سانتگراد مرحله هضم انجام شد. غلظت فلزات سنگین سرب، کادمیم و کروم در محلول‌ها به وسیله دستگاه جذب اتمی تعیین شد. میانگین کلی غلظت فلزات در نمونه‌های آب به ترتیب سرب‌، کادمیم و کروم 609/1، 290/1 و 768/2 میلی گرم بر لیتر به دست آمد که در مقایسه با استاندارد آب آبیاری کروم و کادمیم بیشتر و سرب کمتر از حد استاندارد است. میانگین سرب، کادمیم و کروم در نمونه‌های سیب به ترتیب 192/0، 261/0، 156/0 میکروگرم بر گرم به دست آمد. میانگین غلظت فلزات سنگین در نمونه‌های سیب در مقایسه با استاندارد ملی ایران، کروم و کادمیم بیشتر و سرب از حد استاندارد کمتر و در مقایسه با استاندارد سازمان بهداشت جهانی، کادمیم در نمونه‌ها بیشتر و سرب و کروم کمتر از حد مجاز است. برای ارزیابی ریسک ناشی از مصرف سیب، میزان جذب روزانه فلزات و شاخص خطر محاسبه شد. شاخص خطر به ترتیب برای سرب، کادمیم وکروم 9914/0، 9990/0 و 0009/1 محاسبه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Heavy Metals Pollution and Assessment the Risk of Apple Fruit Consumption (Case Study: Ayeneh Varazan Damavand Area)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Milad Movarei 1
  • Azita Behbahaninia 2
  • Lobat Taghavi 3
1 Masters of Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Assist. Profe.Department of Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch, Roudehen, Iran
3 Assoc. Profe. Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of sewage discharge from the industrial town on apple orchards in the Ayneh Varzan area of Damavand. The wells water of the region was sampled monthly in two seasons of summer and autumn 2018 and a total of 36 water samples were taken. For apple sampling, ,10 stations in the region were considered and 30 apple samples were harvested. To prepare apple samples, after drying, digestion was performed using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a ratio of 3:1 and 80 ° C. The concentrations of heavy metals lead, cadmium and chromium in solutions were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The total mean concentrations of metals in all water samples in the region were lead, cadmium and chromium respectively, 1.609, 1.290 and 2.768 mg / l. Results show chromium and cadmium, higher and Lead is lower than irrigation water standard of Iran. The mean of lead, cadmium and chromium in apple samples were 0.192, 0.261 and 0.156 μg / g, respectively. The average concentration of chromium and cadmium were higher than national standard of Iran. Cadmium concentration in samples obtained more than standard of the World Health Organization. To assess the risk of apple consumption, DI (daily metal uptake) and risk index (HQ) were calculated. The HQ risk index for lead, cadmium, chromium was 0.9914, 0.9990 and 1.009, respectively.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chrome
  • Cadmium
  • Apple
  • Risk assessment
  • Daily uptake
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