راهکارهای طراحی منظر برای تحقق اهداف دانشگاه سبز (مورد پژوهی: پردیس دانشگاه شهید بهشتی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس‌ارشد معماری منظر، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، ایران

2 دانشیار دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، ایران

10.22034/eiap.2022.158595

چکیده

امروزه معضلات محیط‌‌زیست در سطح جهان نظیر گرم شدن زمین، تغییرات اقلیمی، افزایش گازهای گلخانه‌ای، ریزگردها، آلودگی و کاهش منابع‌طبیعی نشان‌دهنده آثار مخرب توسعه بدون توجه به اصل پایداری است. با وجود تمام تلاش‌های محیط‌‌زیستی صورت گرفته، فعالیت‌های بشر همچنان سبب بر هم زدن توازن طبیعت و کاهش پایداری است. نظام آموزش عالی که نوعی سرمایه‌گذاری در منابع انسانی است، نقش در خور توجهی در جهت تحقق اهداف توسعه پایدار و ایجاد یک جامعه سالم دارد. در حال حاضر بسیاری از دانشگاه‌ها، نه‌تنها در مورد مسایل محیط‌‌زیست بلکه در مورد موضوعات اجتماعی و اقتصادی نیز کارهای مهمی را انجام می‌دهند و بدین ترتیب سه بعد پایداری را در بر می‌گیرند. پژوهش پیش‌رو در ابتدا با انجام مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای، به درک چرایی و چیستی موضوع پرداخته و سپس با انتخاب مصادیق تلاش شده است تا با بهره‌گیری از تجربیات طراحی و نکات مثبت و منفی این نمونه‌ها، به اصول کلی و راه‌حل‌های طراحی منظر حساس به آب در پردیس دانشگاه‌ها دست یافت. این مطالعه کاربردی به منظور ارزیابی مدیریت سبز دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، با استفاده از جمع‌آوری دیدگاه‌های متخصصان و خبرگان دانشگاه شهید بهشتی صورت پذیرفت. جهت ارزیابی دانشگاه از شاخص‌های نظام رتبه‌بندی جهانی دانشگاهی گرین‌متریک(1) استفاده شده ‌است که پایداری را در شش حوزه اصلی نظیر: محیط‌‌زیست و زیرساخت، انرژی و تغییرات آب و هوایی، بازیافت، آب، حمل و نقل، و آموزش موردسنجش قرار می‌دهند. در این مسیر تمام کاربران دانشگاه اعم از کارکنان، استادان و دانشجویان در فرآیند دستیابی به دانشگاه سبز مشارکت می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Landscape Design Solutions for achieving the goals of Green University (Case Study: Shahid Beheshti University Campus)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Khoramaraie 1
  • Mohammad-Taghi Nazarpour 2
  • Saeid Norouzian-Maleki 2
1 Master of Land scape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today’s global environmental problems such as global warming, climate change, rising greenhouse gases, particulate matter, pollution, and depletion of natural resources show the destructive effects of development programs regardless of the principle of sustainability. Despite all the efforts made by the environment, human activities continue to upset the balance of nature and reduce sustainability. The higher education system, which is an investment in human resources, has a significant role to play in achieving the goals of sustainable development and creating a healthy society. Many universities are doing important work not only on environmental issues but also on social and economic issues, thus including three dimensions of sustainability and evaluating them. In this research, first, the data were collected through library studies to find out its relation to the main problem. Then by selecting external and internal examples, it has been tried to use the design experiences and positive and negative design points of these cases. The general principles created an opportunity to provide water-sensitive landscape design solutions on the campus of Shahid Beheshti University. The UI GreenMetric index has been used to evaluate universities, which are measured in six main categories: setting and infrastructure (SI), energy and climate change (EC), waste (WS), water (WR), transportation (TR), and education (ED). In this way, all university users, including staff, academic faculty and students participate in the process of achieving a green university.     

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Green University
  • Water-Sensitive Landscape Design
  • Green Management
  • Climate Change
  • Shahid Beheshti University
Alavi Moghaddam, M. R.; Maknoon, R.; Babazadeh Naseri, A.; Khanmohammadi Hazaveh, M. R. & Eftekhari Yegane, Y. 2013. Evaluation of Awareness, Attitude and Action of Amirkabir University of Technology Students on General Aspects of Environment. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 14(4), 147-154. (in Persian)
Anis, M.; Afiff, A. Z.; Kiswanto, G.; Suwartha, N. & Sari, R. F. 2018. Managing university landscape and infrastructure towards green and sustainable campus. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 48, p. 02001). EDP Sciences.
Behbahani, B. 2013. Landscape Architecture and Development of Quality of University Campus (Case study: Shahid Beheshti University Campus). Master Thesis. Shahid Beheshti University. (in Persian)
Choguill, C. L. 1993. The search for policies to support sustainable housing. Habitat International, 17(3), 1-12.
Deputy Minister of Fiscal & Human Resources. 2018. Measures for the Development of Green Management in Universities. Tehran: Ministry of Science, Research & Technology. (in Persian)
Disterheft, A.; Caeiro, S.; Azeiteiro, U. M. & Leal Filho, W. 2013. Sustainability science and education for sustainable development in universities: a way for transition. In Sustainability assessment tools in higher education institutions (pp. 3-27). Springer, Cham.
Dobiáš, J. & Macek, D. 2014. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and its impact on building operational expenditures. Procedia Engineering, 85, 132-139.
Geng, Y.; Liu, K.; Xue, B. & Fujita, T. 2013. Creating a “green university” in China: a case of Shenyang University. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61, 13-19.
Golkar, K. 2001. Sustainable Urban Design within Desert-Fringe Cities. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba, 8, 43-52. (in Persian)
Groendijk-Wilders, N. 2013. Making the Wageningen UR campus more beautiful: A Modular plan for increasing natural diversity. Wageningen University and Research Center.
IARU. 2014. Green guide for universities: IARU pathways towards sustainability. The International Alliance of Research Universities, Berkeley.
Leal Filho, W.; Tripathi, S. K.; Andrade Guerra, J. B. S. O. D.; Giné-Garriga, R.; Orlovic Lovren, V. & Willats, J. 2019. Using the sustainable development goals towards a better understanding of sustainability challenges. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 26(2), 179-190.
Lukman, R. & Glavič, P. 2007. What are the key elements of a sustainable university?. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 9(2), 103-114.
Lu, L.; Liu, H. H.; Bai, X. Y.; Li, T. & Fu, H. 2007. Case study on construction of green university and assessment indexes. Environmental Science and Management, 12(12), 182-185.
Mardani, A.; Jusoh, A.; Zavadskas, E. K.; Cavallaro, F. & Khalifah, Z. 2015. Sustainable and renewable energy: An overview of the application of multiple criteria decision making techniques and approaches. Sustainability, 7(10), 13947-13984.
Marrone, P.; Orsini, F.; Asdrubali, F. & Guattari, C. 2018. Environmental performance of universities: Proposal for implementing campus urban morphology as an evaluation parameter in Green Metric. Sustainable Cities and Society, 42, 226-239.
Mu, R.; Liu, P.; Song, Y.; Cao, D.; Zhan, L.; Zuo, J., ... & Yuan, X. 2015. Theory and Practice of Sustainability in Higher Education–From the Perspective of Green University. In 2015 Asia-Pacific Energy Equipment Engineering Research Conference (pp. 484-487). Atlantis Press.
Perchinunno, P. & Cazzolle, M. 2020. A clustering approach for classifying universities in a world sustainability ranking. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 85, 106471.
Pourjafar, M. R.; Khodaie, Z. & Pourkheiri, A. 2011. An Analytical Approach in Acknowledging the Elements, Indices and Characteristics of Urban Sustainable Developments. Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies, 3(3), 25-36. (in Persian)
Puertas, R. & Marti, L. 2019. Sustainability in universities: DEA-Greenmetric. Sustainability, 11(14), 3766.
Ragazzi, M. & Ghidini, F. 2017. Environmental sustainability of universities: critical analysis of a green ranking. Energy Procedia, 119, 111-120.
Salaki, N.; Movahed Mohammadi, S. H.; Rezaei, A. & Musavi Bahram Abadi, S. S. 2019. The study of the barriers and strategies of the green university development as perspective of faculty members in University College of agriculture and natural resources, University of Tehran. Environmental Sciences, 6(4), 113-134. (in Persian)
Suwartha, N. & Sari, R. F. 2013. Evaluating UI GreenMetric as a tool to support green universities development: assessment of the year 2011 ranking. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61, 46-53.
Osmond, P.; Dave, M.; Prasad, D. & Li, F. 2013. Greening universities toolkit: Transforming universities into green and sustainable campuses. United Nations Environment Programme.
UI GreenMetric. 2016. Guideline of UI GreenMetric World University Ranking, 2016. Universitas Indonesia: Depok, Indonesia.
Vice Presidency for Strategic Planning and Supervision. 2010. Environmental Criteria of Treated Waste Water and Return Flow Reuse. No 535. (in Persian)
Yuan, X.; Zuo, J. & Huisingh, D. 2013. Green universities in China–what matters?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61, 36-45.
Zalaghe, H.; Tolabi, Z. & Poorashraf, Y. 2020. Offer a Model for Upgrade Environmental Citizen Behavior of Staff (Case Study, Public University Ilam). Environmental Researches, 11(21), 287-298. (in Persian)