بررسی تاثیر رشد اقتصادی بر روی کیفیت محیط زیست و سلامت عمومی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 هیات علمی دانشگاه ارومیه

2 فارغ التحصیل اقتصاد از دانشگاه ارومیه

3 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد

چکیده

0پژوهش‌های محیط‌زیست، سال 9، شماره 18، پاییز و زمستان 1397، از صفحه 3 تا 18

 
بررسی تاثیر رشد اقتصادی بر روی کیفیت محیط‌زیست و سلامت عمومی
 
 
 
یوسف محمدزاده*1، الهه مختاری2، آرش اسوار3
 
1 استادیار، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
2 کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
3 کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
 
(تاریخ دریافت: 02/06/1395؛ تاریخ تصویب: 09/07/1397)
 
 
چکیده
رشد اقتصادی یکی از مهم‌ترین اهداف توسعه‌‌ای جوامع بشری است. در مسیر رشد و افزایش درآمد، امکانات مادی لازم برای تحقق برنامه‌‌های کلان جامعه فراهم می‌‌شود. یکی از برنامه‌‌های کلیدی و موارد مهم، تخصیص بودجه‌‌های عمومی کشورها، بهبود سلامت عمومی و حفاظت از محیط‌زیست است. اما این که در مسیر رشد اقتصادی، سلامت عمومی و کیفیت محیط‌زیست بهبود می‌‌یابد، شواهد روشنی وجود ندارد. با توجه به این که رشد اقتصادی از یک‌‌سو می‌‌تواند همراه با تخریب محیط‌زیست باشد و از سوی دیگر، محیط‌زیست ناسالم سلامت عمومی را با خطر مواجه کند، بنابراین، بررسی این موضوع با توجه به اهمیت این مقوله‌‌ها، از اهمیت ویژه‌‌ای برخوردار است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی این روابط در کشورهای منتخب با درآمد متوسط به بالا با رویکرد گشتاورهای تعمیم‌یافته (GMM) طی دوره 1990-2013 انجام شده است. نتایج این مطالعه حاکی از آن است که رشد اقتصادی همراه با بهبود سلامت عمومی همراه بوده ولی موجب تخریب محیط‌زیست نیز می‌‌شود. همچنین کاهش کیفیت محیط‌زیست تاثیر منفی و معنی‌‌دار بر روی سلامت عمومی در کشورهای مورد مطالعه گذاشته است. بنابراین، دغدغه محیط‌زیستی رشد اقتصادی از منظر تاثیر منفی بر روی سلامتی افراد و اتلاف هزینه‌‌های آن، دوچندان می‌‌شود و لزوم توجه به حفظ کیفیت محیط‌زیست در جهت نیل به توسعه پایدار را مورد تاکید قرار می‌‌دهد.
 
 
 
 
 
کلید واژه‌‌ها: رشد اقتصادی، توسعه پایدار، سلامتی، محیط‌زیست
 
 
 
 
 

* نویسنده مسئول:                                                                                       Email: yo.mohammadzadeh@urmia.ac.ir

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The impact of economic growth on environmental quality and public health.

چکیده [English]

The Impact of Economic Growth on
Environmental Quality and Public Health
 
 
 
1*Mohammdzadeh, Y.; 2Mokhtari, E.; 3Asvar, A.
 
1 Assist. Profe. Faculty of Economics and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 MSc in Economics, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 MSc in Economics, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
 
(Received: 2016/08/23; Accepted: 2018/10/02)
 
 
Abstract
Economic growth is one of the main development goals in human societies. In the path of growth and rising incomes, necessary resources to implement the strategic plans of the society provided. One of the key programs and important issues of public funds is improving public health and environment protection. But there is no clear evidence, that economic growth improves the public health and environmental quality. Given that economic growth can be combined with the destruction of the environment on the one hand and on the other hand, in unhealthy environment, public health is at risk. According to the importance of these issues, Investigation this topic is very important. This study aimed to examine this relationship in selected countries with using GMM method during the period 1990-2013. The results of the model indicate that economic growth is associated with public health and environmental degradation. Other fore the environment quality negatively effect on health. Also cross-contamination effect of economic growth and environmental degradation on public health is negative and significant and that means the positive benefits of economic growth on public health, be dilute. Therefore, in view of the negative pollution impact on the health, the environmental quality is important, so environmental Protection to achieve sustainable development should be considered. The results of this study suggest that economic growth is associated with improvements in public health, but will also lead to environmental degradation. As well as reducing the quality of the environment affect a significant and negative impact on public health in the countries affected. Thus, environmental concerns of economic growth in terms of the negative impact on health and waste health costs double and attention to maintain the quality of the environment in order to achieve sustainable development is emphasized.
 
 
 
 
 
Keywords: Economic growth, Sustainable development, Health, Environment
 
 
 
 
 

*Corresponding Author                                                            Email: yo.mohammadzadeh@urmia.ac.ir

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • economic growth
  • sustainable development
  • health
  • environment
Agénor, P. R. 2008. Health and infrastructure in a model of endogenous growth. Journal of Macroeconomics. 30: 1407–1422.
Aísa, R. & Pueyo, F. 2006. Government health spending and growth in a model of endogenous longevity. Economics Letters. 90: 249–253.
Alam, S.; Ambreeen, F. & Muhammad, B. 2007. Sustainable Development in Pakistan in the context of Energy Consumption Demand and Environmental Degradation. Journal of Asian Economics. 8: 825-837.
Barro, J.R. & Sala-I-Martin, X. 1995. Economic Growth. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.
Barro, R. 1996. Health and Economic Growth. Mimeograph.
Behboudi, D.; Fallahi, F. & Bargi-Golaazani, A. 2010. Economic and social factors affecting on emission of carbon dioxide per capita in Iran (1967-2004). Journal of Economic Research. 90: 1-18. (in Persian)
Bekerman, W. 1992. Economic Growth and the Environment: Whose Growth? Whose Environment?. World Development. 20: 481-496.
Bloom, D. E.; Canning, D. & Sevilla, J. 2004. The effect of health on economic growth: a production function approach. World development. 32(1): 1-13.‏
Bovenberg, A. L. & de Mooij, R. A. 1997. Environmental tax reform and endogenous growth. Journal of Public Economics. 63: 207–237.
Brauer, M.; Hoek, G.; Van-Vliet, P.; Meliefste, K.; Fischer, PH.; Wijga, A. 2003. Air pollution from traffic and the development of respiratory infections and asthmatic and allergic symptoms in children. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 166(8): 1092–1098.
Bridges, A.; Felder, F.A. & McKelvey, K. 2015. Uncertainty in energy planning: Estimating the health impacts of air pollution from fossil fuel electricity generation. Energy Research & Social Science, Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy. 6: 74–77.
Cass, D. 1965. Optimum Growth in an Aggregative Model of Capital Accumulation. Review of Economic Studies. 32: 233-40.
Chen, C.H.; Kan, H.D.; Huang, C.; Zhang, L.Y.H.; Chen, R.J. & Chen, B.H. 2009. Impact of Ambient Air Pollution on Public Health under Various Traffic Policies in Shanghai. China, Biomedical and Environmental sciences. 22: 210-215.
Chen, J.H. & Huang, Y.F. 2013. The study of the relationship between carbon dioxide (co2) emissions and Economic growth. Journal of International and Global Economic studies. 6(2): 45-61.
Correia, I. & Veiga, P. 2010. Geographic distribution of physicians in Portugal. European Journal of Health Economics. 11(4): 383–393.
Deaton, A. 2003. Health, inequality, and economic development. Journal of economic literature. 41(1): 113-158.‏
Delucchi, M. A., Murphy, J. J., & McCubbin, D. R. (2002). The health and visibility cost of air pollution: a comparison of estimation methods. Journal of Environmental Management, 64(2), 139-152.‏
Abbas, F. & Hiemenz, U. 2011. Determinants of Public Health Expenditures in Pakistan. ZEF-Discussion Papers on Development Policy. University of Bonn. 158(1): 1-34.
Fattahi, M.; Assari, A.; Sadegi, H. & Asgharpour, H. 2013. Effect of Air Pollution on Public Health Costs: Comparative Comparison of Developing and Developed Countries. Quarterly Journal of Economic Development Research. 3(11): 111-132. (In Persian)
Fogel, R.W. 1994. Economic Growth, Population Theory and Physiology: The Bearing of Long-Term Processes on the Making of Economic Policy. The American Economic Review. 84(3): 369–395.
Fotros, M.H. & Nasrindoust, M. 2009. Urbanization and Air Pollution in Iran. Journal of Energy Economics Studies. 6 (21): 113-135. (In Persian)
Fotros, M.H.; Ghafari, E. & Shahbazi, A. 2010. Study of the relationship between air pollution and economic growth of oil exporting countries. Economic growth and development research. 1 (1): 59-77. (In Persian)
Gerdtham, U.; Sogaard, j.; Anderson, F. & Jonson, B. 1992. An Econometric Analysis of Health Care Expenditure: A Cross-Section Study of the OECD Countries. Journal of Health Economics. 11(1) 63-84.
Ghanbari, A. & basakha, M. 2008. Investigating the Effects of Government Charge Cost Changes on Iran's Economic Growth (1959-2004). Journal of Economic Research. 43 (2): 187-224. (in Persian)
Greenstone, M. & Hanna, R. 2014. Environmental regulations, air and water pollution, and infant mortality in India. American Economic Review 104(10): 3038-72.‏
Grossman, M. 1972. On the concept of health capital and the demand for health. Journal of Political economy, 80(2), 223-255.‏
Grossman, G.M. & Krueger, A.B. 1991. Environmental Impact of a North American Free Trade Agreemen. Working paper 3914. National Bureau of Economic Research. Cambridge, MA.
Heidari, H.; Faaljou, H.; Nazariyan, A. & Mohammadzadeh, Y. 2013. Social Capital, Health Capital, and Economic Growth in Middle Eastern Countries. Journal of Economic Research and Development. 3 (11): 57-74. (In Persian)
Hirsch, T.; Weiland, S.k.; Mutius, E.; Safeca, A.F.; Gräfe, H.; Csaplovics, E. et al. 1999. Inner city air pollution and respiratory health and atopy in children. European Respiratory Journal. 14(3): 669–677.
Hosseini, N. & Mazraati, M. 2004. Estimation of Social Costs Caused by the Consumption of Fossil Fuels on the Health of Tehran Residents. Energy Economics Studies. 3: 2-29. (In Persian)
Hung, M. F. & Shaw, D. 2004. Economic Growth and the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Taiwan: A Simultaneity Model Analysis. Human Capital, Trade, and Public Policy in Rapidly Growing Economies: From Theory to Empirics. 269.‏
Hyland, J. & Donnelly, P. 2014. Air pollution and health – The views of policy makers, planners, public and private sector on barriers and incentives for change. Journal of Transport & Health. 2: 120–126.
Kampa, M. & Castanas, E. 2008. Human health effects of air pollution. Environmental Pollution. 151(2): 362–367.
Kan, H. & Chen, B. 2004. Particulate air pollution in urban areas of Shanghai. China: health based economic assessment, Science of the Total Environment. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University. 322: 71–79.
Koop, G. & Tole, L. 2004. Measuring the Health Effects of Air Pollution: To What Extent Can We Really Say That People Are Dying from Bad Air? Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. 47(1): 61-72.
Kristiansson, M.; Sörman, k.; Tekwe, C. & Calderón-Garcidueñas, L. 2015. Urban air pollution, poverty, violence and health – Neurological and immunological aspects as mediating factors. Environmental Research. 140: 511–513.
Landrigan, P. J.; Kimmel, C. A.; Correa, A.; & Eskenazi, B. 2004. Children's health and the environment: public health issues and challenges for risk assessment. Environmental health perspectives. 112(2), 257.‏
Luechinger, S. 2014. Air pollution and infant mortality: A natural experiment from power plant desulfurization. Journal of Health Economics. 37: 219–231.
Mankiw, N.G.; Romer, D. & Weil, D.N. 1992. A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 107(2): 407-437.
Mentese, S.; Mirici N. A.; Otkun, M. T.; Bakar, C.; Palaz, E.; Tasdibi, D.; Cevizci, S. & Cotuker. O. 2015. Association between respiratory health and indoor air pollution exposure in Canakkale. Turkey, Building and Environment. 93: 72-83.
Thoa, N. T. M.; Thanh, N. X.; Chuc, N. T. K.; & Lindholm, L. 2013. The impact of economic growth on health care utilization: a longitudinal study in rural Vietnam. International journal for equity in health. 12(1), 19.‏
Mohammadzadeh, Y. 2013. Evaluation of socio-economic inequalities in health sector of Iran. Doctoral dissertation. Tarbiat Modares University. (in Persian)
Mortimer, K.M.; Neas, L.M.; Dockery, D.W.; Redline, S. & Tager, I.B. 2002. The effect of air pollution on inner-city children with asthma. European Respiratory journal. 19: 699–70.
Mozayeni, O.H. & Morad-Hasel, N. 2012. Investigating the Interactions of Economic Growth and Quality of Environment on Health. Science and Technology Environment. 14 (1): 17-30. (in Persian)
Nielsen, T.; Jørgensen, H.E.; Larsen, J.C. & Poulsen, M. 1996. City air pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other mutagens: occurrence, sources and health effects. Science of the Total Environment. 190: 41-49.
Oh, H.J.; Nam, I.S.; Kim. J.; Yang, J. & Sohn, J.R. 2014. Characterization of indoor air quality and efficiency of air purifier in childcare centers, Korea, Building and Environment. 82: 203-14.
Olesen, B.W. 2005. Indoor environment-health-comfort and productivity. In: Proceedings of Clima, Lausanne. Switzerland.
Pajouyan, J. & Tabriziyan, B. 2008. Relationship between Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution Using a Dynamic Simulation Model. Economic Research. 10 (3): 175-203. (in Persian)
Prirchett, L. & Summers, L. H. 1996. Wealthier is Healthier. Journal of Human Resources, 31(4), 841-868.
 
Pope, C.A. 2000. Epidemiology of fine particulate air pollution and human health: biologic mechanisms and who's at risk? Environmental health perspectives. 108(4): 713–723.
Preston, S.H. 1975. The changing relation between mortality and level of economic development. Population Studies. 29: 231–48.
Qin, X. & Hsieh, C.R. 2014. Economic growth and the geographic maldistribution of health care resources: Evidence from China, 1949-2010. China Economic Review. 31: 228–246.
Ramsey, F. 1928. A Mathematical Theory of Saving. Economic Journal. 38: 534-59.
Remoundou, K. & Koundouri, P. 2009. Environmental Effects on Public Health: An Economic Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 6: 2160-2178.
Romer, P. M. 1986. Increasing returns and long-run growth. Journal of political economy. 94(5), 1002-1037.‏
Sadeghi, H. & Saadat, R. 2004. Population Growth, Economic Growth and impacts of Environmental in Iran. Economic Research. 64: 163-180. (In Persian)
Salimifar, M. & Dehnavi, J. 2009. Comparison of the Kuznets Curve in OECD and Developing Countries: A Panel Based Analysis. Knowledge and Development Magazine. 17 (29): 181-200. (In Persian)
Serfozo, N.; Chatoutsidou, S.E. & Lazaridis, M. 2014. The effect of particle resuspension during walking activity to PM10 mass and number concentrations in an indoor microenvironment. Building and Environment. 82: 180-9.
Shieh, J. Y.; Chen, J. H.; Chang, S. H.; & Lai, C. C. 2014. Environmental consciousness, economic growth, and macroeconomic instability. International Review of Economics and Finance. 34: 151–160.
Shinjo, D. & Aramarki, T. 2012. Geographic distribution of healthcare resources. Healthcare service provision, and patient flow in Japan: a cross sectional study. Social, Science and Medicine. 75: 1954–1963.
Shrubsole, C.; Das, P.; Milner, J.; Hamilton, I.G.; Spadaro, J.V.; Oikonomou, E.; Davies, M. & Wilkinson, p. 2015. A tale of two cities: Comparison of impacts on CO2 emissions, the indoor environment and health of home energy efficiency strategies in London and Milton Keynes. Atmospheric Environment. 120: 100-108.
Smulders, S. & Gradus, R. 1996. Pollution abatement and long-term growth. European Journal of Political Economy. 12, 505–532.
Solow, R. 1956. A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 70: 65-94.
Stern, D. I. & Cleveland, C. J. 2004. Energy and economic growth. Encyclopedia of energy. 2: 35-51.‏
Stetzenbach, L. D. 1998. Microorganisms and indoor air quality. Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 20(19): 157-161.‏
Suhrcke, M.; McKee, M.; Stuckler, D.; Arce, R.S.; Tsolova, S. & Mortensen, J. 2006. The contribution of health to the economy in the European Union. Public Health. 120: 994–1001.
Swan, T.W. 1956. Economic Growth and Capital Accumulation, Economic Record. 32: 334–361.
Tai, M.Y.; Chao, C.C. & Hu, S.W. 2015. Pollution, health and economic growth, North American Journal of Economics and Finance. 32: 155–161.
Tangcharoensathien, V.; Harnvoravongchai, P.; Pitayarangsarit, S., & Kasemsup, V. 2000. Health impacts of rapid economic changes in Thailand. Social science & medicine. 51(6): 789-807.‏
Van-Zon, A. & Muysken, J. 2001. Health and endogenous growth. Journal of Health Economics. 20: 1169–1185.
Wilkinson, R. G. 1997. Socioeconomic determinants of health: Health inequalities: relative or absolute material standards? Bmj. 314(7080), 591.‏

World Bank. 1997. World Development Report 1997. The State in a Changing World. Selected World Development Indicators.

World Health Organization. 2006. Working together for Health: World Health Report. (http://www.who.int/whr2006/en).
World Health Organization. 2015. Health and the environment: addressing the health impact of air pollution, WHO, sixty-eighth world health assembly.
Zhang, M., Song, Y., Cai, X., & Zhou, J. (2008). Economic assessment of the health effects related to particulate matter pollution in 111 Chinese cities by using economic burden of disease analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 88(4), 947-954.‏
Zhang, B.; Zhang, X. & Yuan, X. 2013. Pollutant emissions, energy consumption and economic development in China: Evidence from dynamic panel data. Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment. 11(2): 155-167.‏