بررسی مدل اشغال مرال (Cervus elaphus) در زیستگاه‌های جنگلی هیرکانی (مطالعه موردی: پارک‌ملی گلستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد محیط زیست

چکیده

بررسی مدل اشغال مرال  (Cervus elaphus)در زیستگاه‌های جنگلی هیرکانی
(مطالعه موردی: پارک ‌ملی گلستان)
 
 
حسین وارسته مرادی*1، طاهر سعدی‌زاده2، محمود صوفی3
 
1 دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران
2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد محیط‌زیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران
3 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد محیط‌زیست، ایران
 
(تاریخ دریافت: 05/11/1395؛ تاریخ تصویب: 09/07/1397)
 
 
چکیده
حفظ تنوع‌زیستی یکی از اهداف اصلی حفاظت و مدیریت حیات‌وحش است و نابودی زیستگاه یکی از بزرگترین تهدیدها برای تنوع‌زیستی سراسر جهان شناخته شده است. گوزن‌ها دارای گونه‌های مختلفی در جهان هستند که در ایران فقط سه گونه از این خانواده وجود دارد و بزرگ‌ترین آن مرال است‌‌. این گونه جز گونه‌های پرچم‌دار محسوب می‌شود و بررسی وضعیت حفاظتی این گونه برای مدیریت اکوسیستم حایز اهمیت است. در پژوهش حاضر، مدل اشغال مرال در پارک‌ملی گلستان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. عمده‌ترین اهداف انجام این پژوهش، بررسی مدل اشغال مرال و عوامل موثر بر میزان اشغال این گونه و تعیین مقدار اشغال مرال در گستره زیستگاه بود. در این تحقیق، منطقه مورد مطالعه بر پایه نقشه‌های GIS و با استفاده از ابزار هاوتس‌تولز به شبکه‌های 3×3 کیلومتری تقسیم شد. اندازه هر شبکه با فرض میزان جابه‌جایی گونه موردنظر انتخاب‌ شد. درون هر شبکه سه ترانسکت خطی (هر یک از تراسکت‌ها به طول 500 متر) با جهت شمالی-جنوبی و به‌صورت تصادفی سیستماتیک انتخاب شد. تاثیر نُه متغیر با میزان اشغال بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که مقدار اشغال 87/0 و نرخ کشف 81/0 بود. هم‌چنین، از بین نُه متغیر بررسی شده، چهار متغیر شامل فاصله از جاده، تنوع گونه‌های درختی، غنای گونه‌های درختی و فاصله از زمین‌های کشاورزی به‌عنوان موثرترین عوامل در نرخ اشغال و نرخ کشف مرال شناخته شد.
 
 
 
 
کلید واژه‌ها: تنوع زیستی، مرال، مدل اشغال، پارک ‌ملی گلستان، هیرکانی
 
 
 
 

*نویسنده مسئول:                                                                               Email: hvarasteh2009@yahoo.com

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Occupancy Modeling of Red Deer in Hyrcanian Forests (case Study: Golestan National Park)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Varasteh Moradi 1
  • Taher Sadizadeh 2
  • Mahmoud Soofi 3
1 Associate Prof., Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 MSc. in Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3 MSc. in Environmental Sciences
چکیده [English]

Occupancy Modeling of Red Deer in Hyrcanian Forests
(Case Study: Golestan National Park)
 
 
 
1*Varasteh Moradi, H.; 2Sadizadeh, T.; 3Soufi, M.
 
1 Assoc. Profe. Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 MSc. Graduated of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 MSc. Graduated of Environmental Sciences, Iran
 
(Received: 2017/01/24; Accepted: 2018/10/02)
 
 
 
Abstract
Preservation of biodiversity is one of the main objectives in protection and management of wildlife and habitat destruction is one of the greatest threats known on the worldwide biodiversity. Different species of deers have been described and distributed around the world. In Iran, there are only three species of deer, of which the red deer (Cervus elaphus) is the largest one. Red deer is a flagship species and study on the conservation status of this species is an important task for ecosystem management. The present study examined the occupation of red deer in Golestan National Park. The main goal of this study was to investigate the factors influencing occupation model of red deer and determine the amount of occupied habitat by this species. In this research, the study area was divided into 3×3 kilometers grids based on GIS maps using the Hawths Tools. The size of each grid was determined based on red deer movement. Within each grid, three line transects (each transect with 500 m in length), with north-south direction and random-systematic design were chosen. The effects of nine variables were analyzed on red deer occupation. The results showed that the estimated value for occupation and detection rate was 0.87 and 0.81, respectively. Moreover, among the nine variables, four variables namely distance from road, Shannon diversity index of tree species, tree species richness, and distance from agricultural areas took into account as effective factors on occupancy and detection rates.
 
 
 
 
 
Keywords: Biodiversity, Red deer, Occupancy model, Golestan national park, Hyrcanian forest
 
 
 
 
 

*Corresponding author:                                                                     Email: hvarasteh2009@yahoo.com

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biodiversity
  • Red deer
  • Occupancy Model
  • Golestan National Park
  • Hyrcanian
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