پژوهش های محیط زیست

پژوهش های محیط زیست

معرفی الگوی جدید در ارزیابی اثرات محیط‌زیستی کاربری معدن: الگوی پیش سنجش محیط‌زیستی طرح‎‌های معدنی (MEPF)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
2 دانشیار، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
3 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
4 مربی، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
10.22034/eiap.2025.237717
چکیده
ارزیابی اثرات محیط‌زیستی به‌عنوان یک الزام قانونی در نظام تصمیم‌گیری کشور زمان بر و پرهزینه است، پژوهش حاضر برای اولین بار در ایران با هدف بهبود فضای تصمیم‌گیری برای صدور مجوزهای محیط‌زیستی قبل از اجرای پروژه معدنی، تعیین آستانه آسیب محیط‌زیستی و تعیین وضعیت و نظارت بر اکوسیستم‌ها قبل از اجرای پروژه معدنی تعریف شد. مدل پیش‎سنجی محیط‌زیست پروژه‌های معدنی یا MEPF [1]راه‌حلی سریع در ارزیابی ظرفیت منطقه برای اجرای یک پروژه معدنی قبل از اجرای پروژه است. الگوی پیش‎سنجی محیط‌زیست با رویکرد مخاطرات پروژه معدنی بر محیط‌زیست توسط گروهی از کارشناسان و اساتید خبره تعریف شد. مهمترین متغیرهای خرد از بین بیش از 100 متغیر خرد برای توسعه این مدل انتخاب شد. در نهایت 8 متغیر ترکیبی با استفاده از رویکرد مخاطرات پروژه طراحی شد. با استفاده از داده‌های ریز متغیرهای منتخب استخراج ‌شده از GEE، عملیات میدانی و داده‌های کتابخانه‌ای، متغیرهای ترکیبی با توجه به سطح تهدید محیط فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی و محیط انسانی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. بر اساس سطح مخاطرات متغیرهای ترکیبی و متغیر ترکیبی مزیت پروژه، مدل MEPF با پاسخی مبتنی بر پذیرش یا رد پروژه تعریف شد. میزان موفقیت این مدل با 2 معدن بررسی شد. فعالیت‌های پروژه معدن کجه و معدن خطیبی در این مدل به‌صورت مشروط پذیرفته شد. این دو معدن از سازمان محیط‌زیست مجوز فعالیت گرفتند و در حال فعالیت هستند. با توجه به نتایج مطالعات موردی، عملکرد مدل جدید پیش‌سنجی محیط‌زیست پروژه معدن موفقیت‌آمیز بود.



1. Mining Projects Environmental pre- Feasibility (MEPF)
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Introducing a New Model for Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Mining: Mining Project Environmental Pre-Feasibility Model (MEPF)

نویسندگان English

Kebriya Jafari 1
Said Reza Ahmadizadeh 2
Mohammad Reza Dosti 3
Amir Ebrahimi 4
1 PhD Student, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
4 Instructor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
چکیده English

The study addresses the challenges of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) in Iran, which are often lengthy and costly. It introduces the Mining Projects Environmental Pre-Feasibility Model (MEPF) to streamline the process of obtaining environmental permits prior to the commencement of mining projects. The MEPF aims to assess regional capacity for mining, set thresholds for environmental change and monitor the state of the ecosystem prior to project implementation. A team of experts selected the most important micro-variables from over 100 options to develop the MEPF model and finally created eight composite variables based on project Threats. Variables were assessed using data from various sources, including field operations and remote sensing, with a focus on threats to the physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment. The model determines the acceptance or rejection of a project based on these levels of Threats and expected benefits. The MEPF model was validated through case studies on two mining projects: Kajeh mining project and Khatibi copper mine. Both were approved by the Iranian environmental authority subject to conditions and are currently in operation. Results show that the MEPF effectively facilitates the environmental impact assessment of mining projects and improves decision-making while taking environmental concerns into account. This innovative approach not only increases the efficiency of the approval process, but also ensures that environmental concerns are prioritized in Iran's mining sector, ultimately striking a balance between development needs and environmental preservation. The successful application of this model could set a precedent for future environmental assessments in similar contexts.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

MEPF model
Mining
Composite variables
Environmental components
Project Threats
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