برآورد انتشار آلاینده‌های هوا ناشی از سوزاندن بقایای کشاورزی در استان خوزستان بر اساس آمار و تصاویر ماهواره مودیس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ایران

2 استاد گروه ماشین‌های کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه ماشین‌های کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ایران

4 استادیار گروه ماشین‌های کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ایران

10.22034/eiap.2023.179284

چکیده

یکی از روش‏های متداول و نادرست مدیریت بقایای محصولات کشاورزی در مزارع، حذف بقایا از طریق سوزاندن است. بسیاری از کشاورزان استان خوزستان که یکی از قطب‏های کشاورزی ایران می‏باشد بقایای محصولات خود را در فصل برداشت می‏سوزانند، این امر منجر به انتشار آلاینده‏های هوا و گازهای گلخانه‏ای، فقیر شدن خاک، کاهش بازدهی نهاده‏ها و پیامدهای منفی دیگری می‏شود. در این پژوهش برای برآورد میزان سوزاندن بقایای سالانه محصولات کشاورزی، از تصاویر ماهواره‏ای مودیس، آمارنامه‏های موجود، بررسی‏های مزرعه‏ای و کسب اطلاعات از کشاورزان استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از پردازش و تصحیح تصاویر ماهواره‌‌ای مودیس سال‏های 2017، 2018 و 2019 استان خوزستان نشان داد که حداقل سطح مزارع سوخته شده در این سال‌ها به ترتیب برابر 137102، 119705 و 195635 هکتار در سال است. در سال 2019 سوختن 1259005 تن بقایای خشک، سبب تولید1525760 تن CO2، 54560 تن CO و همچنین انتشار حدود 6953 تن ذرات معلق کمتر از PM2.5 در هوا گردید. انتشار سایر آلاینده‏ها از قبیل CH2، NOx، N2O، NH3، SO2، NMVOC، BC و OC به ترتیب 2146، 3747، 91، 1213، 466، 4920، 2139 و 1293 تن در سال 2019 برآورد گردید. حفظ بقایا در سطح مزرعه علاوه بر کاهش آلاینده‏های هوا سبب کاهش پتانسیل فرسایش خاک، کاهش مصرف آب، افزایش مواد آلی خاک، کاهش فشردگی و در نهایت افزایش عملکرد خواهد شد. مدیریت صحیح بقایای محصولات کشاورزی در سطح مزرعه با توسعه مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی و به کارگیری اصول کشاورزی حفاظتی امکان پذیر می ‏باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of Air Pollutants Emissions From Burning Agricultural Crop Residues in Khuzestan Province Based on Annual Statistics and MODIS Satellite Images

نویسندگان [English]

  • Eisa Bougari 1
  • Mohammad Amin Asoodar 2
  • Afshin Marzban 3
  • Navab Kazemi 4
1 Ph.D, Graduate of Agricultural Mechanization Eng, Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan
2 2. Professor, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Engineering, Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
3 3. Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Engineering, Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Engineering, Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the most common and inappropriate crop residue management practices methods is burning them in fields. In Khuzestan province as one of the major agricultural regions in Iran, many farmers burn the crop residue after harvesting which results in the emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases to the air, soil depletion, reduction of inputs productivity, and other adverse consequences. In this study, the total crop residue being annually burned was estimated based on Modis satellite images, annual statistics, field surveys, and interview with farmers. The results obtained from the process and correction of Modis satellite images in Khuzestan province indicated that the minimum area of farms in which crop residue was burned during 2017, 2018, and 2019 were 137102, 119705, and 195635 ha/yr, respectively. In 2019, burning 1259005 tonnes of dried crop residue emitted 1525760 t CO2, 54560 t CO and 6953 t particles less than 2.5 ppm. The amounts of other air pollutants such as CH2, NOx, N2O, NH3, SO2, NMVOC, BC, and OC were 2146, 3747, 91, 1213, 466, 4920, 2139, and 1293 t, respectively. Preservation of crop residue on the surface can mitigate the air pollutant emissions as well as reducing soil erosion and water use, improving soil fertility and compaction, and finally increasing crop yield. A proper crop residue management practice is achievable by developing agricultural mechanization and adopting conservation agriculture principles.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agricultural mechanization development
  • Particulate Matter
  • Conservation agriculture
  • Greenhouse gases
  • MODIS satellite

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پژوهش های محیط زیست
دوره 14، شماره 27
مجله پژوهشی
شهریور 1402
صفحه 25-42

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