ارزیابی اثرات متغیرهای فضای سبز بر غنای گونه‌ای پرندگان در پارک‌های شهری (مطالعه موردی شهر مشهد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

3 استاد، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

4 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

5 دانشجوی پست دکترا، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، ایران

10.22034/eiap.2024.191707

چکیده

پرندگان، از جمله گروه‌های جانوری غالب پارک‌ها و فضاهای سبز به شمار می‌روند و توجه و تمرکز بر روی حفاظت از آن‌ها در شهرها به سرعت درحال افزایش است. پرندگان از جمله گونه‌های جانوری هستند که به عنوان یک شاخص، نشان‌دهنده‌ی وضعیت اکولوژیکی محیط‌زیست خود می‌باشند. لذا در این پژوهش غنای گونه‌های پرندگان موجود در پارک‌های مختلف سطح شهر مشهد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت و تأثیر متغیرهای فضای سبز و سنجه‌های سیمای سرزمین بر حضور جمعیت‌های مختلف گونه‌های پرندگان ارزیابی شد. برای این منظور، 11 پارک براساس مساحت و پراکنش مکانی مناسب موقعیت جغرافیایی انتخاب شد. سپس بر اساس مساحت پارک بین 3 تا 92 نقطه نمونه‌برداری انتخاب شد و تا شعاع 50 متری پرندگان رصد شدند. برای نرمال‌سازی داده‌ها از روش کولموگروف – اسمیرنوف و برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از روش رگرسیون چند متغیره در نرم‌افزار مینی‌تب ورژن 16 استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که با حذف متغیرهای دارای همبستگی بالا، باقی‌مانده متغیر‌های مستقل بر افزایش غنای گونه‌ای پرندگان تأثیر مستقیم دارند. هرچه مساحت پارک‌ها افزایش یابد، میزان تراکم حاشیه افزایش یافته و غنای بیش‌تری از پرندگان را درخود جای می‌دهد. با افزایش سن پارک، سن گونه‌های درختی و درختچه‌ای افزایش یافته و با وجود تنوع گونه‌ای درختان، درختچه‌ها و علف‌ها، اشکوب‌بندی مناسب و درنتیجه ریز‌بوم غنی به‌وجود آمده و در نهایت غنای گونه‌ای پرندگان افزایش می‌یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the Impacts of Green Space Parameters on Bird Species Richness of City Parks (Case Study:Mashhad City)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzaneh Malekooti 1
  • Azita Farashi 2
  • Mansour Mesdaghi 3
  • Ali Khani 4
  • Neda Bihamta 5
1 Master student, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
3 Full Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
4 PhD student, Faculty of sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
5 Postdoctoral, Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran
چکیده [English]

The primary purpose of park design is to improve the environment, bring together community members, and create a space for fun and entertainment, but the point that has received less attention in the design of parks is to preserve the biodiversity of animal species in cities. Birds tell the ecological situation of their environment. Therefore, in this research, the diversity and richness of bird species in different parks of Mashhad city were evaluated, and the effect of green space variables and land features on the presence of different populations of bird species was evaluated. For this purpose, 11 parks were selected based on the area and spatial distribution suitable for the geographical location. Then, based on the area of the park, between 3 and 92 sampling points were selected and birds were observed up to a radius of 50 meters. Kolmogorov-Smirnov method was used for data normalization and multivariate regression method was used for data analysis in Minitab software. The results of this research showed that by removing the variables with high correlation, the remaining independent variables have a direct effect on increasing the bird’s species richness. As the area of the parks increases, the density of the edge increases and it accommodates a greater variety of birds. With the increase in the age of the park, the age of tree and shrub species has increased, and despite the variety of trees, shrubs and grasses, proper landscaping has resulted in a rich micro-economy, and finally, increased the bird species richness.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Birds
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Ecological variables
  • Urban parks
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