بررسی پتانسیل گیاه کنگر (Gundelia tournefortii) به عنوان جاذب فلزات سنگین در خاک‌های آلوده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه ملایر

چکیده

بررسی غلظت فلزات سنگین در گونه‌های گیاهی رشد یافته در خاک‌های کشاورزی آلوده به فلزات سنگین بسیار حایز اهمیت است. کنگر (Gundelia tournefortii) یکی از گونه‌های خوراکی مورد استفاده در بخش‌های مختلف کشور است که امکان رشد در زمین‌های کشاورزی را دارا است. افزون بر این استفاده از گیاهان با قابلیت تجمع بالا یکی از کارسازترین روش‌های پاکسازی خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی پتانسیل گیاه کنگر در جذب فلزات سنگین در زمین‌های کشاورزی و غیرکشاورزی است. به این منظور 4 ایستگاه در مناطق کشاورزی و 2 ایستگاه در مناطق غیرکشاورزی به‌عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. در هر یک از این ایستگاه‌ها سه نمونه گیاهی به طور کامل از ریشه و به همراه خاک اطراف آن‌ها برداشت شد. پس از آماده‌سازی و هضم نمونه‌ها غلظت فلزات سنگین کروم، نیکل، روی، مس، منگنز و آهن با استفاده از دستگاه جذب اتمی تعیین شد. برای هر یک از گیاهان فاکتورهای تجمع زیستی و فاکتور انتقال محاسبه شد. بر اساس یافته‌های به دست آمده، گیاه کنگر از نظر فلزات روی، منگنز، مس و نیکل بیش انباشت‌گر و از نظر کروم و آهن انباشت‌گر متوسط محسوب می‌شود. همچنین یافته‌ها نشان داد بین غلظت فلزات سنگین در خاک، اندام‌های هوایی و زیر‌زمینی کنگر در منطقه شاهد و کشاورزی اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری وجود دارد (p<0.05). بنابراین مصرف گیاهان زراعی رشد یافته در زمین‌های کشاورزی به موجب غلظت بالاتر فلزات سنگین در آن‌ها ا از خطر بالاتری برخوردار است و با توجه به نتایج فاکتورهای انتقال و تجمع، این گونه برای پاکسازی نواحی آلوده به فلزات سنگین پیشنهاد ﻣﯽشود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the Potential of Gundelia Tournefortii as a Sorbent of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Eisa Solgi
  • fouzieh Beigmohammadi
Malayer University
چکیده [English]

It is very important to study the concentration of heavy metals in plant species grown in agricultural soils because of the possibility of heavy metals accumulation. Gundelia tournefortii is one of the edible species used in different parts of the country that has the potential for growth in agricultural lands. In addition, the using of plants with high accumulation ability is one of the most effective methods for clearing up the soils contaminated with heavy metals. Accordingly, the present study examined the potential of Gundelia tournefortii as a heavy metal adsorbent in agricultural and non-agricultural lands. For this purpose, 4 stations in agricultural areas and 2 stations in non-agricultural areas (control) were selected. At each of these stations, three plant samples were completely removed from the root and surrounding soil were also collected. After preparation and digestion of samples, the concentrations of heavy metals such as chromium, nickel, zinc, copper, manganese and iron were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. For each plant, bioconcentration and transfer factors were calculated. According to the results, Gundelia tournefortii is recognized as hyper accumulator for zinc, manganese, copper, and nickel and medium accumulator for chromium and iron. Also the findings showed significant differences between heavy metals concentrations in the agricultural and non agricultural areas for soil, shoot and root biomass (p <0.05). Therefore, the consumption of plants grown in agricultural lands is more risky due to the higher concentrations of heavy metals. Considering the accumulation of heavy metals based on the transfer and accumulation factors in this species, it can be proposed to remediate heavy metals contaminated areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conger
  • Heavy metals
  • Agricultural land
  • Absorbent plant
Amini, F. L.; Mirghafari, N. & Eshghimalayeri, B. 2011. Investigation of Ni in soil and a number of natural plant species in around Ahagaran Lead and zinc mines, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 13 (1): 11-20. (in persian).
Arnot, J. A. & Gobas, F. A. 2006. A review of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) assessments for organic chemicals in aquatic organisms. Environ Rev; 14:257-97.
Ashraf, M.; Hayat, M. Q. & Mumtaz, A. S. 2010. A study on elemental contents of   medicinally important species of Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) found in Pakistan, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 4(21), pp. 2256-2263.
Bakar, M. A. & Bhattacherjy, S. C. 2012. Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Selected Medicinal Plants Collected from BCSIR, Chittagong Cultivation Area in Bangladesh, Hamdard Medicus, 55(3): 26-32.
Barrutia, O.; Epelde, L.; Garcia-Plazaola, J. I.; Garbisu, C. & Becerril, J. M. 2009. Phytoextraction potential of two Rumex acetosa L. accessions collected from metalliferous and non-metalliferous sites: Effect of fertilization. Chemosphere, 74: 259-264.
Barzin, M.; Kheirabadi, H. & Afyuni, M. 2015. An Investigation into Pollution of Selected Heavy Metals of Surface Soils in Hamadan Province Using Pollution Index. Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, 19 (72) :69-80. (in persian).
Berrow, M. L. & Burridge, J. C. 1991. Uptake, Distribution, and Effects of Metal Compounds on Plants, in Metals and their Compounds in the Environment", Merrian, E. Ed., VCH Verlags gesellshaft, Weinhiem,399-410.
Bini, C.; Gentili, L.; Maleci, B. & Vaselli, O. 1995. Trace elements in plants and soil of urban parks. Annexed to contaminated soil prost, INRA, Paris.
Chehregani, A. & Malayeri, B. E. 2007. Removal of heavy metals by native accumulator plants, National Agricultural Research Centre.
Chehreganiac, A.; Noorib, M. & Lari Yazdic, H. 2009. Phytoremediation of heavy-metal-polluted soils: Screening for new accumulator plants in Angouran mine (Iran) and evaluation of removal ability, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72 (5): 1349-1353.
Cheng, S. & Huang, C. h. 2006. Influence of cadmium on growth of root vegetable and accumulation of cadmium in the edible root. Applied Science and Engineering, 4(3): 243- 252.
FAO/WHO. 1984. Contaminants. In Codex Alimentarius, vol. XVII, Edition 1.FAO/WHO, Codex Alimentarius Commision, Rome.
Farhang, H.; Vahabi, M.; Allafchian, A.; Tarkesh Isfahani, M. 2017. Effects of environmental conditions on phytochemical characteristics of Gundelia tournefortii L. in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province and south parts of Isfahan Province, Iran. Journal of Rangeland, (2)11: 273-258. (in persian).
Fritsch, C.; Giraudoux, P.; Coeurdassier, M.; Douay, F.; Raoul, F.; Pruvot, C.; Waterlot, C.; de Vaufleury, A. & Scheifler, R. 2010. Spatial distribution of metals in smelter impacted soils of woody habitats: influence of landscape and soil properties and risk for wildlife. Chemosphere, 81:141-155
Giller, K.; Witter, E. & Mcgrath, S. 1998. Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Microorganisms and Microbial Processes in Agricultural: A Review. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30: 1389-1414
Hu, Y.; Wang, D.; Wei, L.; Zhang, X. & Song, B. 2014. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in plant leaves from Yan’an city of the Loess Plateau, China. Ecotox Environ Safe. 110:82–88.
Jafari, M.; Moameri, M.; Jahantab, E. & Zargham, N. 2017. Effects of municipal solid waste compost and biochar on the phytoremediation potential of Bromus tomentellus Boiss. in greenhouse condition. Journal of Rangeland, (2) 11: 194-206. (in persian).
Jahanbakhshi, A.; Yeganeh, R. & Akhoundzadeh Yamchi, A. 2016. Determination of physical, mechanical and hydrodynamic properties of Scolymus, Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 8 (1): 125-141. (in persian).
Kabata-Pendias, A. & Pendias, H. 2001. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, 3rd Edit, Bocaraton New York, CRC Press.
khalasi Ahvazi, L.; Heshmati, G. A.; Zoofan, P. & Akbarlou, M. 2016. Habitat factors impact on nutritional values Gundelia tournefortii L. at phenological stages in the North East of Khozestan Province. Journal of Plant Ecological Conservation, 4 (8) :30-48. (in persian).
Liu, Y.; Zhu, Y. G. & Hui, D. 2007. Lead and cadmium in leaves of deciduous trees in Beijing, China: Development of a metal accumulation index (MAI). Environ Pollut 145: 387-390.
Maobe, G. E.; Moses, A.G.; Gitu, L. & Rotich, H. 2012. Profile of Heavy Metals in Selected Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Diabetes, Malaria and Pneumonia in Kisii Region, Southwest Kenya, Global Journal of Pharmacology, 6 (3): 245-251.
Mattina, M. J. I.; Lannucci-Berger, W.; Musante, C. & White, J. C. 2003. Concurrent plant uptake of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants from soil. Environmental Pollution ,124:375-378.
Mertens, J.; Vervaeke, P.; Meers, E. & Tack, F. M. G. 2006. Seasonal changes of metals in willow (Salix sp.) stands for phytoremediation on dredged sediment. Environmental Science and Technology, 40: 1962–1968.
Moameri, M.; Jafari, M.; Tavili, A.; Motasharezadeh, B. & Zare Chahouki, M. A. 2017. Rangeland Plants Potential for Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils with Lead, Zinc, Cadmium and Nickel (Case Study: Rangelands around National Lead & Zinc Factory, Zanjan, Iran), Journal of Rangeland Science, 7: 160-171.
Naderi, M., Danesh Shahri, A. & Nader, R. 2012. Some Ways to Increase the Efficiency of Heavy Metal Phytoremediation, Journal of the Humanities and the Environment, 10 (3): 38-28. (in persian).
Nasrollahzadeh, M.; Maham, M. S. & Sajadi, M. 2015. Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles by aqueous extract of Gundelia tournefortii and evaluation of their catalytic activity for the synthesis of N-monosubstituted ureas and reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 455, 245–253.
Olowoyo, J. O.; Okedeyi, O.O.; Mkolo, N. M.; Lion, G. N. & Mdakane, S.T.R. 2011. Uptake and translocation of heavy metals by medicinal plants growing around a waste dump site in Pretoria, South Africa, South African Journal of Botany, 78:116–121.
Pourmoghadas, H. & Zafarzadeh, A. 2017. Effect of Applying Chemical Fertilizers on Concentration of Cd, Pb and Zn in Agricultural Soils. Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, 4 (2) :126-138. (in persian).
Rezaei, S.; Marsipour, H. & Lorestan, B. 2018. Investigation of contamination of some pepper species consumed with lead and cadmium heavy metals in Sanandaj city, Environmental Science and Technology. 10.22034 / jest.2018.17638.2634. (in persian).
Rubio, C.; Lucas, J. R. D.; Gutiérrez, A. J.; Glez-Weller, D.; Marrero, B.; Caballero, J. M.; Revert, C. & Hardisson, A. 2012. Evaluation of metal concentrations in mentha herbal teas (Mentha piperita L. Mentha pulegium L and Mentha species) by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 71: 11-17.
Sharifi, A.; Lotfi, A. & Ghorbanpur, M. 2013. Investigation of Soil Contamination of Soil in Lacan Region and their Accumulation in Area Plants, First National Conference on Engineering and Management of Agriculture, Environment and Sustainable Natural Resources, Hamadan. (in persian).
Vitoria, A. P.; Cunha, M. D.; Azevedo, R. A. 2005. Ultra structural changes of Radish leaf exposed to cadmium. Environ. Journal of experimental botany, 58:47-52.
Yap, C. K.; Ismail, A.; Tan, S. G. & Omar, H. 2002. Correlations between speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in sediment and their concentrations in total soft tissue of green-lipped mussel Perna viridis from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Environ Int, 28(1):117-26. 
Zhang, Q.; Zhang, L.; Xiao, X.; Su, Z.; Zou, P.; Hu, H.; Huang, Y. & He, Q. 2010. Heavy metals chromium and neodymium reduced phosphorylation level of heat shock protein 27 in human keratinocytes, Toxico in Vit, 24: 1098–1104. 
Zinli Nejad, M. & Farzami Sepehr, M. 2015. A Case Study of Midok Copper Mine Based on Heavy Elevation in Soil and Plants of the Region. Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology, 10 (83): 38-24. (in persian).