ارزیابی آلودگی فلزات سنگین آرسنیک، کادمیوم و سرب در آب و رسوبات سطحی تالاب ناصری (خرمشهر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز

2 موسسه آموزش عالی کاسپین قزوین

چکیده

این تحقیق در سال 95- 1394 به‌‌منظور تعیین میزان فلزات سنگین آرسنیک، سرب و کادمیوم در آب و رسوبات تالاب ناصری استان خوزستان انجام شد. نمونه‌‌برداری از سه بخش شمالی، مرکزی و جنوبی در دو فصل زمستان و تابستان با 3 تکرار با استفاده از روش‌‌های استاندارد صورت گرفت. میزان آرسنیک و سرب در آب تالاب ناصری در فصل تابستان بالاتر از فصل زمستان به‌‌دست آمد، اما غلظت کادمیوم در فصل تابستان پایین‌‌تر بود. همچنین غلظت کادمیوم و سرب در رسوبات تالاب در فصل تابستان بالاتر از فصل زمستان محاسبه شد، اما میزان آرسنیک در رسوبات در فصل تابستان پایین‌‌تر بود. میزان آرسنیک، کادمیوم، سرب در آب تالاب ناصری در مقایسه با آستانه مجاز استاندارد ملی ایران و استانداردهای جهانی مانند آژانس حفاظت محیط‌‌زیست آمریکا و سازمان بهداشت جهانی پایین‌‌تر بود. نتایج حاصل از محاسبه فاکتور آلودگی نشان داد فلزات آرسنیک، سرب و کادمیوم به‌‌ترتیب در سطوح آلودگی کم، آلودگی متوسط و شدیدا آلوده طبقه‌‌بندی شدند. درجه آلودگی فلزات مورد مطالعه نیز نشان داد که آلودگی رسوبات تالاب ناصری در رده متوسط بوده است. با توجه به این که مقادیر شاخص بار آلودگی بالاتر از 1 به‌‌دست آمد. بنابراین، این شاخص هم نشان‌دهنده آلودگی رسوبات تالاب ناصری به فلزات کادمیوم، سرب و آرسنیک بود. از لحاظ فاکتور غنی‌شدگی فلزات آرسنیک و سرب در رده کم و کادمیوم در طبقه زیاد به‌‌دست آمد. به ‌‌عبارت دیگر فلز کادمیوم دارای منشا انسان‌‌زاد بود، اما فلزات آرسنیک و سرب دارای غنی‌شدگی و منشا طبیعی هستند. می‌‌توان با ایجاد سیستم‌‌های مناسب تصفیه برای پساب‌‌های واحدهای نیشکر و اعمال مدیریت بهینه، از ورود هر نوع آلاینده‌‌ای به ویژه فلزات سنگین به تالاب ناصری جلوگیری و ممانعت به‌‌عمل آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Contamination of Heavy Metals of Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in Water and Surface Sediments of Nasseri Wetland (Khorramshahr)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azita Koshafar 1
  • Mohammad velayatzadeh 2
1 Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz,
2 Caspian Institute of Higher Education, Qazvin
چکیده [English]

This study was carried out to determine the amount of heavy metals arsenic, lead and cadmium in water and sediments of Nasseri wetland of Khuzestan province in 2014-2015. Sampling was done in three parts of north, central and south in winter and summer with three replications using standard methods. Arsenic and lead levels in Nasseri wetland were higher in summer than in winter, but cadmium concentrations were lower in summer. The concentration of cadmium and lead in wetland sediments was also higher in summer than in winter, but arsenic content in sediments was lower in summer. The levels of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in the Nasseri wetland were lower than the permissible national standard of Iran and international standards such as the US Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization. The results of the contamination factor calculation showed that arsenic, lead and cadmium metals were classified as low, moderate and severely contaminated, respectively. The degree of contamination of the studied metals also showed that the contamination of Nasseri wetland sediments was moderate. As the pollution load index values were higher than 1, so this index also indicates contamination of Nasseri wetland sediments with cadmium, lead and arsenic metals. In terms of the enrichment factor of arsenic and lead metals in the low class and high cadmium was obtained, in other words, cadmium metal was of human origin, but arsenic and lead metals were enriched and of natural origin. Preventing and preventing the entry of any pollutants, especially heavy metals, into the Nasserian wetland can be achieved by developing appropriate treatment systems for the wastewater treatment plants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water
  • Pollution
  • Nasseri Wetland
  • Sediments
  • Heavy metals
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