تحلیل شبکه‌‌ اجتماعی در راستای برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت مشارکتی محیط‌زیست

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه برنامه‌‌ریزی و طراحی محیط، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه محیط زیست دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

4 کارشناس ارشد ارزیابی و آمایش سرزمین، دانشکده محیط زیست، کرج، ایران

10.22034/eiap.2022.158584

چکیده

مطالعه و شناسایی روابط بین ذی‌‌نفعان وابسته به منابع طبیعی، یکی از اصول بنیادین مدیریت مشارکتی منابع‌طبیعی محسوب می‌گردد. یکی از بهترین روش‌ها در مطالعه روابط اجتماعی، تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی است. روستای کلاله در ذخیرگاه زیست‌کره ارسباران واقع شده است و جز یکی از مناطق حساس و نادر ایران محسوب می‌‌شود. مطالعات گذشته نشان می‌دهند برنامه‌‌های مدیریتی که برای این منطقه تاکنون در نظر گرفته شده ‌است مفید واقع نشده و پوشش جنگلی منطقه که مهمترین پناهگاه حیات وحش منطقه می‌‌باشد، روز به روز در حال نابودی است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تحلیل شبکه‌‌ اجتماعی در سطح کلان برای برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت مشارکتی جنگل‌‌های ارسباران در روستای کلاله می‌‌باشد. جهت انجام این تحقیق، بر اساس روش کمی تحلیل شبکه با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه تحلیل شبکه‌ای، پیوندهای اعتماد، مشارکت، همسایگی و خویشاوندی در بین بهره‌برداران روستای کلاله جمع‌آوری گردید. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد شاخص‌‌های تراکم، اندازه، انتقال یافتگی و دوسویگی پیوندهای اعتماد و مشارکت در حد کم و خیلی کم می‌‌باشند و همچنین نتایج آماری آشکار ساخت در سطح کلان بهره‌‌برداران، پیوندهای مشارکت و همسایگی، همبستگی بالا و معنی‌‌داری نسبت به سایر پیوندها دارند. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش می‌‌توان نتیجه گرفت بهره‌‌برداران روستای کلاله از نظر انسجام و پایداری در وضع مناسبی قرار ندارند و قبل از ارایه برنامه‌‌های مدیریتی، نیاز به تقویت پیوندهای اعتماد و مشارکت در این روستا می‌‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Social Network Analysis for Planning and Environmental Co-management

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asef Darvishi 1
  • Sima Fakheran 2
  • Maryam Yousefi 1
  • Mehdi ghorbani 3
  • Maral Ahadi 4
1 PhD in Land use Planning, Department of Environmental Planning and Design, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associated Professor in Environment Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran
3 Associated Professor in Department of Arid and Mountain Regions of Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tehran University, Iran
4 MsC of Land Use Planning, Environment Department, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The stakeholders and natural resources are not discrete and independent. Therefore, natural resource management needs to explore the dependency on natural resources. One of the best methods for the study of social relations is social network analysis. Kalaleh village is in the Arasbaran biosphere reserve, which is one of the sensitive and unique regions in Iran. The natural resource management plans of this region were incompetent as yet and so the rate of deforestation is high. The main goal of this study was Social Network Analysis in the highest level of users for Planning and Forest Co-management in the Kalaleh village of Arasbaran region. For implicating this study based on quantitative network analysis methods, network analysis questionnaires and linkages of interpersonal trust links, collaboration, kinship, and neighborhood were gathered. The results of the present study showed that density, magnitude, transferring and bilinear indices of collaboration and trust level of bonding ties are low and very low. Statistical results showed in the highest level of users, collaboration and neighborhood links have a significant and high correlation. Finally, the results of this study indicated stakeholders of Kalaleh village are not good enough about cohesion and stability, and before management plans in this village, collaboration and trust level of bonding ties have to be amplification.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Social cohesion and stability
  • Natural resources
  • co-management
  • social-ecological system
  • Arasbaran biosphere reserve

مراجع

Agyeman, J. & Angus, B. 2003. The role of civic environmentalism in the pursuit of sustainable communities. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 46: 345–363. https://doi.org/10. 1080/0964056032000096901.
Avazpoor, L.; Ghorbani, M. & Erfanzadeh, R. 2019. Analyzing structural characteristics of user’s social capital for participatory management in rangeland ecosystems (Case study: Nardin traditional boundary, Mayamey County, Semnan Province). Rangeland. 12(4): 391-400 (In Persian).
Bastani, S. & Raissi, M. 2012. Social network analysis as a method: Using whole network approach for studying FOSS communities. Journal of Iranian Social Studies. 5(2): 31-57 (In Persian).
Baumber, A.; Metternicht, G.; Ampt, P.; Cross, R. & Berry, E. 2018. Opportunities for adaptive online collaboration to enhance rural land management. Journal of Environmental Management. 219: 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.114.
Bodin, O. & Crona, B. I. 2008. Management of Natural Resources at theCommunity Level: Exploring the Role of Social Capital and Leadership in a Rural Fishing Community.
Bodin, O.; & Crona, B. I. 2009, “The role of social networks in natural resource governance: What relational patterns make a difference?”, Global Environmental Change. 19: 366–374.
Bodin, O., Crona, B. I. & Ernstson, H. 2006. Social Networks in Natural Resource Management: What Is There to Learn from a Structural Perspective?, Ecology and Society. 11(2).
Darvish, A.; Ghorban, M.; Fakheran, S. & Soffianian, A. 2014a. Network analysis and key actors toward wildlife management (case study: habitat of Caucasian Black Grouse, Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve). Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology. 3(9): 29-41 (In Persian).
Darvishi, A.; Fakheran, S.; Soffianian, A. & Ghorbani, M. 2014b. Quantifying landscape spatial pattern changes in the Caucasian Black Grouse (Tetrao Mlokosiewiczi) Habitat in Arasbaran biosphere reserve. Iranian journal of applied ecology. 2(5): 27-38 (In Persian).
Darvishi, A.; Fakheran, S., Soffianian, A. & Ghorbani, M. 2016. Change detection and land use/cover dynamics in the Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve. Journal of Natural Environment. 68(4): 559-572 (In Persian).
Darvishi, A., Fakheran, S.; Soffianian, A. R. & Ghorbani, M. 2015. Landscape Changes and Habitat Fragmentation in Caucasian Black Grouse (Tetrao mlokosiewiczi) Distribution Range in Iran during the Last Two Decades, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 187: 443.
Darvishi, A.; Mobarghaee Dinan, N.; Barghjelveh, S. & Yousefi, M. 2020a. Assessment and spatial planning of landscape ecological connectivity for biodiversity management (Case study: Qazvin province). Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology 9(1): 15-29 (In Persian).
Darvishi, A.; Yousefi, M. & Mobarghaee Dinan, N. 2021. Evaluating the correlation between pollination ecosystem service and landscape pattern metrics (Case study: Qazvin province). Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology. 10(1): 51-63 (In Persian).
Darvishi, A.; Yousefi, M. & Mobarghei, D.N. 2020b. Investigating the effect of Socio-economic disturbance resulting from human activities on landscape ecological function using HANPP index (Case Study: Qazvin Province). Journal of Natural Environment (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources). 73(3): 471-484 (In Persian).
Darvishi, A.; Yousefi, M.; Dinan, N.M. & Angelstam, P. 2022. Assessing levels, trade-offs and synergies of landscape services in the Iranian province of Qazvin: towards sustainable landscapes. Landscape Ecology. 37(1): 305-327.
Engen, S.; Runge, C.; Brown, G.; Fauchald, P.; Nilsen, L. & Hausner, V. 2018. Assessing local acceptance of protected area management using public participation GIS (PPGIS). Journal of Natural Conservation. 43: 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2017.12.002.
Ghorbani, M. & Dehbozorgi, M. 2014. Stakeholders’ analysis, social power and network analysis in natural resources co-management. Journal of Range and Watershed Management. 67(1): 141-157 (In Persian).
Ghorbani, M. & Azadi, H. 2021. A Social-Relational Approach for Analyzing Trust and Collaboration Networks as Preconditions for Rangeland Co-management. Rangeland Ecology & Management 75: 170-184.
Ghorbani, M.; Azarnivand, H.; Mehrabi, A.A.; Bastani, S.; Jafari, M. & Nayebi, H. 2012. Social network analysis: A new approach in policy-making and planning of natural resources co-management. Journal of Range and Watershed Management. 65(4): 553-568 (In Persian).
Green, A.; Preston, J. & Sabates, R. 2010. Education, equality and social cohesion: a distributional approach, Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education. 33(4): 453-470.
Hedelin, B.; Evers, M.; Alkan-Olsson, J. & Jonsson, A. 2017. Participatory modelling for sustainable development: key issues derived from five cases of natural resource and disaster risk management. Environmental Science & Policy. 76: 185–196. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.envsci.2017.07.001.
Hooghe, M. 2007. Social capital and diversity generalized trust, social cohesion and regimes of diversity, Canadian Journal of Political Science. 40(3): 709-732.
Kinzer, K. 2018. Picking up speed: public participation and local sustainability plan implementation. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 61: 1594–1611. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 09640568.2017. 1358154.
Prell, C.; Hubacek, K. & Reed, M. 2009. Stakeholder analysis and social network analysis in natural resource management. Society and Natural Resources. 22: 501–518. https://doi.org/10. 1080/08941920802199202.
Rasuly, A.; Naghdifar, R. & Rasuly, M. 2010. Detecting of Arasbaran Forest Changes Applying Image Processing Procedures and GIS Techniques. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 2: 454–464.
Reagans, R. & McEvily, B. 2003. Network structure and knowledge transfer: The effects of cohesion and range. Administrative science quarterly. 48(2): 240-267.
Reed, M.S. 2008. Stakeholder participation for environmental management: a literature review. Biological Conservation. 141: 2417–2431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.014.
Reyes Garcia, V.; Paneque-Galvez, J.; Bottazzi, M.E.; Luz, A.C.; Gueze, M.; Macia, M. & Pachecho, P. 2014. Indigenous land reconfiguration and fragmented institutions: a historical political ecology of the Tsimane’ lands (Bolivian Amazon). Journal of Rural Studies. 34: 282–291.
Rezayi, .; anafshe, M.; Rostamzade, H. & Feizizade, B. 2007. Analyze and assessing forest change flow in arasbaran area using RS and GIS. Geography researches. 62: 143-159
Rydin, Y. & Pennington, M. 2000. Public Participation and Local Environmental Planning: the collective action problem and the potential of social capital. Local Environment. 5: 153–169.  https://doi.org/ 10.1080/ 13549830050009328.
Sadeghi, M. S. 2012. Is social network analysis metrics efficient in all of the social networks? Month book of social sciences. 56: 26-30.
Scott, M. 2015. Re-theorizing social network analysis and environmental governance: Insights from human geography. Progress in Human Geography. 39(4): 449-463.
Wellman, B. 1998. Structural Analysis: From Method and Metaphor to Theory and Substance, In Structural Analysis: A network Approach, Cambridge university.
Wolf, I.D.; Brown, G. & Wohlfart, T. 2018. Applying public participation GIS (PPGIS) to inform and manage visitor conflict along multi-use trails. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 26(3): 470–495. https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/09669582.2017.1360315.
Yousefi, M.; Barghjelveh, S.; Darvishi, A. & Mobargaee Dinan, N. 2021a. Ecological Sustainability in Energy Return on Investment (EROI)" and its Correlation with Agricultural Landscape Heterogeneity (Case Study: Qazvin Province). Journal of Agroecology. 13(3), 10.22067/JAG.V13I3.85655.
Yousefi, M.; Darvishi, A.; Padró, R.; Barghjelveh, S.; Dinan, N.M. & Marull, J. 2020. An energy-landscape integrated analysis to evaluate agroecological scarcity. Science of the Total Environment. 739: 139998.
Yousefi, M.; Darvishi, A.; Tello, E.; Barghjelveh, S.; Dinan, N.M. & Marull, J. 2021b. Comparison of two biophysical indicators under different landscape complexity. Ecological Indicators. 124: 107439.
پژوهش های محیط زیست
دوره 13، شماره 25
مجله پژوهشی
شهریور 1401
صفحه 151-165

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار