برآورد توانمندی توسعه پایدار با کاربرد شاخص‌های منفرد و ترکیبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه ملایر

چکیده

مهم‌ترین جاذبه توسعه پایدار در جامع‌نگرى آن است. اگرچه مشکلات خاص و گسترده باعث شده توجه و تأکید کشورهای جهان سوم بیشتر بر حصول توسعه باشد تا پایداری آن، اما باید توجه داشت حذف شکاف کنونی میان دو دنیای توسعه یافته و درحال توسعه بدون پایداری فرایند توسعه امکان‌پذیر نیست. پایداری ریشه خود را در میان پایداری اکولوژیکی دارد. از سوی دیگر، توسعه پایدار حل چالش بین ابعاد اقتصادی و طبیعی است. در فرآیند توسعه پایدار، نقش پایداری اجتماعی در تحقق اهداف توسعه پایدار بسیار پر اهمیت است و در بسیاری از مواقع عوامل کالبدی نیز به شیوه‌های مختلف متأثر می‌شوند. بنابراین، باید گفت پایداری زمانی فراهم می‌شود که مجموعه‌ای از پایداری اجتماعی با هدف عدالت اجتماعی، پایداری اقتصادی با هدف بقای اقتصادی و پایداری محیط‌زیستی با هدف تعادل اکولوژیک به وجود می‌آید. نگرش توسعه پایدار بر این اندیشه است که فن‌آوری نمی‌تواند هرگونه کاهش منابع‌طبیعی را جبران سازد و سرمایه طبیعی مکمل سرمایه انسان ساخت است. با توجه به اهمیت موضوع اندازه‌گیری یا برآورد میزان پایداری یا حتی قرار گرفتن در مسیر دستیابی به آن، هدف‌گذاری و تصمیم‌گیری در فرآیند برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت، تعیین مجموعه‌ای از شاخص‌ها ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. انتخاب ترکیب مناسب از شاخص‌ها و همچنین شناسایی شاخص‌های کلیدی، هشدار دهنده و هماهنگ می‌تواند پایداری را تضمین نموده و مسیر حرکت را اصلاح نماید. شاخص‌های پایداری خصوصاً زمانی‌که به‌صورت ترکیبی استفاده می‌شوند، ابزارهای ارزشمندی برای ارزیابی عملکرد کشورها و مقایسه آن‌ها در زمینه توسعه پایدار قلمداد می‌شوند. در همین راستا، در پژوهش حاضر علاوه بر ذکر شاخص‌های منفرد، برخی از این شاخص‌های ترکیبی از جمله شاخص‌های جای پای بوم‌شناختی، شاخص پایداری محیط‌زیست، شاخص عملکرد محیط‌زیست، شاخص مازاد تولید طبیعی، شاخص پس‌انداز خالص، شاخص آسیب‌پذیری محیط‌زیست، شاخص توسعه انسانی، تولید ناخالص داخلی و نیز مدلی با عنوان چارچوب فشار- وضعیت موجود- واکنش معرفی می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimates of Sustainable Development Capacity with the Application of Single and Combined Indexes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parisa Norouzifard
  • Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari
University of malayer
چکیده [English]

 
The main attraction of sustainable development is its community orientation. However, specific and widespread problems have attracted attention in most developing countries to achieve more development for stability. However, it must be noted that without removing the existing gap between the developed and developing world no sustainable development is possible. Sustainability has its origins in the ecological sustainability and comprises solving challenges of economic and natural dimensions. In the process of sustainable development, the role of social sustainability is very important in the realization of sustainable development goals, and in many circumstances various factors are also affected. We can say that sustainability is achieved when social sustainability with the aim of social justice, economic stability and environmental sustainability towards ecological balance are realized. This sustainable development approach is based on the idea that technology cannot make up for any reduction in natural resources and natural capital supplements and human construction capital. Considering the importance of the issue, measuring or estimating the stability or even being on the right track to meet these targets and using them in the decision-making for planning and management, requires a set of indicators. Selecting the right combination of indicators and the identification of key ones that are also alarming and coordinated can guarantee stability. Sustainability indicators, especially when used in combination, provide valuable tools for evaluating performance of countries and comparing them in the context of sustainable development. In this regard, in the present study in addition to the individual indicators, some of these combined indicators, including Index of Ecological Footprint, Environmental Sustainability Index, Environmental Performance Index, Surplus Bio-capacity Index, Environmental Vulnerability Index, Human Development Index, Genuine Saving Index, as well as a model with Pressure- State- Response is introduced.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Social
  • Economic
  • Sustainable Development
  • Index
  • Environmental
Akbari Nasab, S. y. 2014. Requirements and Indicators of Sustainable Urban Development, Scientific Management Database, WWW. System.parsiblog.com. (In Persian)
Assefa, G., & Frostell B. 2007. Social Sustainability and Social Acceptance in Technology Assessment: A Case Study of  Energy Technologies. Technology in Development 8(1): 65-79.
Colantonio, A. 2009. Social sustainability: linking research to policy and practice. Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development (OISD), Oxford Brookes University.
Dewsallar, A., Fanni, Z., Farhoudi, R. A., & Barzegar, S. 2014. Methodology of Selecting Sustainability Indicators in Small Cities with Emphasis on Mazandaran Province. Regional Planning, 4(16):17-32. (In Persian)
Enayati, A. 2008. Expert in Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development Indicators, Guidelines and Methodologies, with the approval of the Environmental Protection Agency and the National Committee for Sustainable Development. (In Persian)
Environmental Performance Index  Source: Pilot 2006.  Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, Yale University, Columbia University www.yale.edu/epi/2006EPI_MainReport.pdf
Environmental Performance Index 2008. Summary for Policymakers. Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, Yale University, Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Columbia University, www.yale.edu/epi/files/2008EPI_Text.pdf
Environmental Sustainability Index 2005. Benchmarking National Environmental Stewardship, Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy, Yale University, Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Columbia University, www.yale.edu/esi/ESI2005_Main_Report.pdf
EVI Country Profiles 2002. United Nations Environment Development (UNEP) & South Pacific Applied Geosciences Commission (SOPAC). http://www.vulnerabilityindex.net/
FAO, 2005. Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development (SARD) and Good Agricultural Practices (GAPS). Paper for 19th Session of Committee on Agriculture, FAO. Rome, 13-16 April 2005.
Hosseini, M. A., & Hooman, T. 2007. Comparative Study of International Macro Indicators of ECO Countries in the Process of Regionalism. Journal of Knowledge and Development, 20: 11-42. (In Persian)

Jafari Samimi, A., & Ahmadpour, S. M. 2012. The Relationship between Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and Economic Growth in Developed Countries. Journal of Environmental Economics and Energy, 1(1):55-72. (In Persian)

Jafari, A. 2008. Introducing Appropriate Indicators for the Evaluation of Sustainable Urban Development and its Measurement. Journal of Environment and Development, 2(3): 49-55. (In Persian)
Kalantari Khalilabad, H.; Abu Bakri, T.; Ghaderi, R.; Pourali, M. A. & Saeedi, A. 2012. Evaluation of the Sustainability of Urban Sustainable Development Indicators in Frontier Regions (Case Study: Piranshahr City). Journal of Urban Management, No. 30:207-222. (In Persian)
Kalantari, Kh.; Asadi, A. & Chubchian, Sh. 2009. Compilation and Validation of Rural Development Sustainability Indicators. Journal of Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 1(2):69-86. (In Persian)
Khosrobeigi, R.; Shayan, H.; Sajasi Ghidari, H. A. & Sadeglu, T. 2011. Measuring and Evaluating Sustainability in Rural Areas Using Fuzzy-Topsis Multivariate Decision Making Technique. Journal of Rural Research, 2(1):151-185. (In Persian)
Mak, M.Y. & Peacock, C.J. 2011, January. Social sustainability: A comparison of case studies in UK, USA and Australia. In 17th Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Conference, Gold Coast, 1-14.
Miller, G. 2001. The Development of Indicators for Sustainable Tourism: Results of a Delphi Survey of Tourism Researchers. In: Tourism Management, Volume 22, and Issue 4, August 2001, pp. 351–362.
Mulladan, B.; & Bilharz, S. 2002. Translated and edited by: Haddad Tehrani, Neshat, Moharramnejad, Nasser, Sustainability Indicators, Environmental Protection Agency Publications, 468 p. (In Persian)

Nastaran, M.; Ghasemi, V. & Hadizadeh, S. 2013. Assessment of Indices of Social Sustainability by Using Analytic Network Process (ANP). Journal of Applied Sociology, 24(3): 155-173. (In Persian)

OECD 2008. Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators; Methodology and User guide. European Commission.www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda.

Pourasghar, F.; Salehi, E. & Masnavi, M.R. 2010. An Analytical- Comparative Study on Measurement Methods of Sustainable Developmenst. journal of Environmental Research, 1(1): 67-82. (In Persian)

Ravanbakhsh, M. 2013.  Iran Situation in Environmental Sustainable Development, Environment and Development Journal, 4(7): 73-82. (In Persian)
Rokneddin Eftekhari, A. R.; Mahdavi, D. & Pourtahari, M. 2010. The Localization Process of Sustainable Development Indicators of Rural Tourism in Iran. Journal of Rural Research, 4: 1-41. (In Persian)
Spangenberg, J.H. 2004. Sustainability science: Which science and technology for sustainable development? International Network of Engineers and Scientists for Global Responsibility, Available from site: www.inesglobal.org. 
United Nations 1996. Indicators of sustainable development: framework and methodologies. New York. 1996.
Ziari, K. 2001. The Stable Development And Responsibility Of Urban Planning In The 21ST Century.  Journal Of The Faculty Of Letters And Humanityes, 48(160):368-372. (In Persian)