فراتحلیل عوامل اجتماعی مرتبط با حفظ محیط‌زیست با تاکید بر نقش منطقه جغرافیایی در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آیت الله العظمی بروجردی (ره)، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آیت الله العظمی بروجردی (ره)، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری بررسی مسایل اجتماعی ایران، دانشگاه کاشان، ایران

چکیده

آنچه که امروزه محققان اجتماعی به آن اذعان دارند این است که مسایل محیط‌زیستی و حفظ محیط‌زیست عمیقا مفهومی اجتماعی و فرهنگی است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، به کارگیری روش فراتحلیل به منظور تحلیل و ترکیب نتایج مطالعات صورت گرفته پیرامون ارتباط میان عوامل اجتماعی و حفظ محیط‌زیست است. به منظور انجام فراتحلیل حاضر، 20 پژوهش مرتبط که در طی سال‌‌های 1396ـ1390 و با هدف بررسی ارتباط میان عوامل اجتماعی و حفظ محیط‌زیست انجام و در مجلات علمی- پژوهشی به چاپ رسیده بودند، انتخاب شدند. پژوهش‌‌های منتخب به روش پیمایشی و با به کارگیری ابزار پیمایش در جوامع آماری متفاوت و بر حسب سنجه‌‌های پایا به انجام رسیده‌‌اند. در گام نخست ارزیابی پژوهش‌‌های منتخب، فرضیه‌های همگنی و خطای انتشار، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. یافته‌‌ها حکایت از ناهمگنی اندازه اثر و عدم سوگیری انتشار مطالعات مورد بررسی داشت. در مرحله دوم، ضریب اندازه اثر و نقش تعدیل‌‌کنندگی متغیر منطقه جغرافیایی با به کارگیری نسخه دوم نرم افزار CMA مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. یافته‌‌ها نشان دادند اندازه اثر یا ضریب تاثیر عوامل اجتماعی بر حفظ محیط‌زیست معادل 338/0 است که بر حسب نظام تفسیری کوهن، این میزان، تاثیری در حد متوسط رو به بالا ارزیابی می‌‌شود. همچنین با در نظر گرفتن منطقه جغرافیایی به عنوان متغیر تعدیل‌‌کننده، این ضریب برای منطقه جغرافیایی مرکز اندازه اثر در مدل تصادفی 489/0، در منطقه جغرافیایی تهران 337/0، منطقه جغرافیایی جنوب 226/0، منطقه جغرافیایی شمال 356/0، منطقه جغرافیایی شرق 760/0 و منطقه جغرافیایی غرب 201/0 است که هر شش منطقه جغرافیایی در سطح 001/0 معنادار می‌‌باشد. هم‌‌چنین به ‌‌طورکلی اندازه اثر در هر یک از هر شش منطقه جغرافیایی 301/0 است. با توجه به یافته‌‌های به دست آمده می‌‌توان چنین نتیجه‌‌گیری کرد که در کل عوامل اجتماعی که در پژوهش‌‌های مورد بررسی شامل، متغیرهای مستقل متعددی از جمله سبک زندگی، سرمایه فرهنگی، قانون‌‌گرایی، شبکه‌‌های اجتماعی، سرمایه اجتماعی، جامعه‌‌پذیری، دینداری و... دارای تاثیری در حد متوسط رو به بالا بر حفظ محیط‌زیست بوده و از طرف دیگر با توجه به ضرایب به دست آمده در متغیر تعدیل‌کننده برای هر یک از مناطق جغرافیایی نشان‌دهنده این امر است که میزان گرایش به حفظ محیط‌زیست در هر یک از مناطق فوق متفاوت بوده به گونه‌‌ای که هر چه میزان شکنندگی محیط بالاتر باشد، میزان تاثیر عوامل اجتماعی در حفظ آن محیط پر رنگ‌‌تر خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Meta- Analysis of Social Factors Related to Environmental Protection, Emphasis on the Role of Geographical Area in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gholamreza Tajbakhsh 1
  • mohamadreza Hoseini 2
  • Amin Goudarzi 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Grand Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Grand Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Iran
3 PhD student in Social Studies of Iran, Kashan University, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today social scholars acknowledge that environmental issues are profoundly social and cultural. The purpose of this paper is to do a meta-analysis method through analyzing the results of some studies on the relationships between social factors and environmental protection. To carry out the present meta-analysis, 20 relevant researches were selected. These studies are conducted during 2011-2012 aiming at investigating the relationship between social factors and environmental protection and they are published in scientific journals. The surveys have been carried out using surveying tools in different statistical societies and on the basis of reliable metrics. First the validity of selected studies, homogeneity assumptions, and propagation errors were evaluated. The findings indicated heterogeneity of the effect size and the lack of bias in the studies. Then, the effect size, coefficient and the moderating role of the geographic variable were evaluated using the second version of the CMA software. Findings showed that the magnitude of the effect or coefficient of the influence of social factors on environmental protection was 0.338 which, according to Cohen's interpretive system, t is moderately upward. Also considering the geographical area as a moderating variable, this coefficient for the geographic area of the center of the effect size in the random model is 0.489, In Tehran geographical area 0.337, southern geographic area 0.222, northern geographic area 0.356, East geographic area it is 0.760 and for the west geographic area it is 201.0 which is significant at 0.001 level for all six geographical areas. Also, the overall effect size for all of the six geographical areas is 0.301.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • meta-analysis
  • social factors
  • environmental protection
  • geographic area
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