مدلسازی اثرات بهداشتی آلاینده PM10 در کلانشهر شیراز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری تخصصی آلودگی محیط زیست، گروه محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 استادیار گروه محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 دانشیار مهندسی محیط زیست، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت عمومی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه به نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران

10.22034/eiap.2023.169980

چکیده

آلودگی هوا به عنوان یکی از معضلات مهم شهرنشینی و زندگی صنعتی، سلامت افراد جامعه را تحت تاثیر قرار داده و سازمان‌ بهداشت جهانی آن‌را به عنوان یکی از عوامل موثر در ایجاد سرطان معرفی کرده است. در این مطالعه بررسی برآورد اثرات مواجهه کوتاه مدت مرتبط با میزان مرگ‌‌و‌میر و بیماری‌های منتسب به ذرات معلق کمتر از 10میکرون (PM10) در شهر شیراز طی سال‌های 1396- 1397 انجام شده است. این پژوهش کاربردی مقطعی بوده، بر اساس مطالعات میدانی و مبتنی بر مدل‌سازی شرایط تجربی است. در این مطالعه میزان غلظت آلاینده PM10 برای سال‌های 1397-1396 به صورت  ساعتی و روزانه با استفاده از دستگاه گریم از چهار ایستگاه سنجش آلودگی هوای سازمان محیط زیست (دروازه کازرون، فرودگاه، ستاد و پارک علم و فناوری) اندازه‌گیری شد و داده‌های مربوطه با استفاده از نرم افزار AirQ+ مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین توزیع آلاینده PM10در شهر شیراز در محدوده µg/m3 40 –30 قرار دارد و بیشترین میزان مرگ‌و‌میر منتسب به این آلاینده نیز به‌علت بیماری‌های تنفسی بوده (34/4 و 9/3 درصد موارد) و بعد از آن بستری شدن به علت بیماری‌های قلب و عروق (2/3 و 95/2 درصد موارد) در رتبه دوم قرار دارد. میزان کل مرگ‌و‌میر منتسب به آلاینده PM10 در این سال‌ها نیز به ترتیب 278 و 249 مورد برآورد شده است. با توجه به تاثیرات بهداشتی این آلاینده ضروری است با برنامه‌ریزی و وضع قوانین جامع اقدامات موثرتری جهت مقابله با انتشار آلاینده PM10 و کاهش و کنترل اثرات سوء آن به منظور حفظ سلامت شهروندان صورت پذیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Modeling the Health Effects of PM10 Pollutants in Shiraz Metropolis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shiva Al-Sadat Tabibzadeh 1
  • Seyed Ahmad Hosseini 2
  • Parviz Mohammadi 3
  • Alireza Etminan 4
  • Hossein Norouzi 2
1 PhD of Environmental Pollution, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Plant breeding and Biotechnology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Ira
چکیده [English]

Air pollution as one of the important problems of urbanization and industrial life has affected the health of society and the World Health Organization has introduced it as one of the effective factors in causing cancer. In this study, the effects of short-term exposure related to mortality and diseases associated with particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) in Shiraz during 1396-1397 have been investigated. This is cross-sectional applied research based on field studies and modeling of experimental conditions. In this study, the concentration of PM10 pollutants for the years 1396-1397 was measured hourly and daily using a Grimm Instrument from the four air pollution measuring stations of the Environment Organization (Kazerun Gate, airport, Setad, and science and technology park), and the relevant data were analyzed using AirQ + software. The results showed that the highest distribution of PM10 pollutants in Shiraz was in the range of 30-40 µg/m3and the highest mortality rate attributed to this pollutant was due to respiratory diseases (4.34 and 3.9% of cases) and hospitalization due to heart diseases (3.2% and 2.95% of cases) are in second place. Also, the total death rate attributed to PM10 pollutants in these years has been estimated at 278 and 249, respectively. Therefore, due to the significant health effects of this pollutant, it is necessary to plan and enact comprehensive measures to combat PM10 emissions and reduce and control its adverse effects in order to maintain the health of citizens.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • PM10 Suspended Particles
  • Health Effects
  • Air Pollution Modeling
  • AirQ+
  • Shiraz city
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