اثر بخشی ضمانت اجراها در حقوق بین الملل محیط زیست و توسعه ابزارهای نوین آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری حقوق ‌محیط‌زیست، دانشکده ‌منابع‌طبیعی و ‌محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، عضو ‌هیات علمی گروه حقوق ‌محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی،تهران، ایران

3 عضو ‌هیات علمی و رییس موسسه تخصصی حقوق بین الملل کانادا، تورنتو،کانادا

4 عضو ‌هیات علمی گروه حقوق، واحد تهران مرکز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، تهران، ایران

10.22034/eiap.2023.170007

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی ضمانت اجراهای کلاسیک در حقوق بین‌الملل محیط‌‌زیست و لزوم شکل‌گیری انواع جدیدی ضمانت اجرا می‌باشد. روش تحقیق، توصیفی و تحلیلی است که با اتکا به منابع کتابخانه‌‌ای و داده‌های موجود، در بخش اول اثر‌بخشی ضمانت اجراهای کلاسیک بررسی می‌شود و در بخش دوم ضمانت‌های اجرایی نوین ودلایل شکل‌گیری آن‌ها، مورد بحث و بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. سوال اصلی تحقیق بیان می‌دارد که آیا ضمانت اجراهای کلاسیک از اثر‌بخشی لازم برای حفاظت موثر از محیط‌‌زیست برخوردار هستند؟ از این‌رو، با بهره‌گیری از مبانی نظری پژوهش، به این فرضیه پرداخته می‌شود که برای حفاظت بیشتر از محیط‌‌زیست، ضمانت‌های اجرایی نوینی در‌حال شکل‌گیری و توسعه است. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که به دلیل ماهیت خاص ‌مسایل محیط‌‌زیستی و ارتباط آن با ضرورت شکل‌گیری ضمانت‌های اجرایی نوین و با توجه به این‌که با وجود اثربخشی ضمانت‌های اجرایی کلاسیک در حقوق بین‌الملل محیط‌‌زیست، به دلیل محدودیت‌های موجود در آن ها، این اثربخشی به تنهایی برای حفاظت از محیط‌‌زیست کافی نبوده، دو نوع ضمانت اجرایی نوین شامل «پرداخت خسارت بدون موافقتنامه و مراجعه به دادگاه در مواردی که تخریب شدید در محیط‌‌زیست ایجاد شده» و همچنین «کنترل پایبندی و عدم پایبندی دولت‌های عضو به کنوانسیون‌های محیط‌‌زیستی»، برای حفاظت کارآمد از محیط‌‌زیست شناسایی و در‌حال توسعه می ­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Enforcement Guarantees in International Environmental Law and the Development of Its New Tools

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hoda Yazdanpanah 1
  • Mohsen Abdollahi 2
  • Abbas Poorhashemi 3
  • Mansour Pournouri 4
1 PhD, Department of Faculty Environement Law, of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Corresponding Author, Faculty member of Department of Environmental Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 President of the Canadian Institute for International Law Expertise (CIFILE), Toronto, Canada
4 Faculty Member of Department of Law, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of classical performance guarantees in international environmental law and the need to establish new types of performance guarantees in this area. In the present descriptive and analytical method, library resources and available information were used for collecting the data. First, the effectiveness of classical performance guarantees is studied, and then new executive guarantees and the reasons for their formation are discussed. The main question is whether the guarantee of classical performances plays a significant role for protecting the environment effectively. Regarding the theoretical foundations of the research, the main hypothesis is that new executive guarantees are being formed and developed for further protection of the environment. The results of the data analysis indicated that the amount of effectiveness is not sufficient alone to protect the environment due to the specific nature of environmental issues and its relationship with the need to form new enforcement guarantees in spite of the effectiveness of classical enforcement guarantees in international environmental law due to their limitations. Thus, two new types of enforcement guarantees including paying for compensation without agreement and recourse to court in cases of severe environmental damage, as well as controlling compliance and non-compliance with environmental conventions by member states were efficiently identified and developed from the environment for effective protection

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental law
  • New enforcement guarantees
  • Control of compliance to agreements
  • Payment of damages without agreement and recourse to court
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