پژوهش های محیط زیست

پژوهش های محیط زیست

تاثیر توپوگرافی بر ترکیب گونه‌ای و ساختار توده در جنگل‌های زاگرس مرکزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران
10.22034/eiap.2024.393251.2500
چکیده
این مطالعه در منطقه‌ای با مساحت ۲۴۰۰۰ هکتار در شهرستان‌های اردل و کیار، استان چهارمحال‌و‌بختیاری انجام شد. هدف اصلی این مطالعه، ارزیابی ویژگی‌های شاخص‌های درختی و ساختاری جنگل‌ها در طول تغییرات توپوگرافی منطقه بود. نتایج نشان داد که توده‌های جنگلی در سطح قطعات نمونه، به خصوص در مورد قطر، تنوع ارتفاع و شاخص‌های یکنواختی، الگوهای نامنظم و ناهمگنی را نشان می‌دهند. اما در کل، تراکم و آمیختگی گونه‌های درختی در تمام جنگل‌ها بسیار یکنواخت بود. اثر شیب بر شاخص‌های درختی و توده‌ای به طور کلی معنی‌دار نبود، به جز شاخص تنوع ارتفاع که در جنگل‌های واقع در دامنه‌های با شیب تند، مقادیر بالاتری را نشان داد. همچنین، تغییرات در ارتفاع از سطح دریا و جهت جغرافیایی تاثیر معنی‌داری بر شاخص‌های درخت و جنگل نداشتند، به جز شاخص تنوع قطر درخت که تغییرات وابسته به ارتفاع از سطح دریا را نشان داد. گونه‌های درختی اصلی در تمام جنگل‌ها Quercus brantii و Pistacia atlantica بودند، اما حضور گونه‌های خاصی تحت تاثیر عوامل توپوگرافی قرار گرفتند، مانند Daphne mucronata منحصر به ارتفاعات بالا، دامنه‌ها و دشت‌های جنوبی، Fraxinus angustifolia محدود به ارتفاعات پایین‌تر و گونه‌های بادام وحشی محدود به دامنه ارتفاع خاصی بودند. نامنظمی و آشفتگی شدید این جنگل‌ها در مقیاس‌های کوچک و یکنواخت بودن ترکیب گونه‌های گیاهی و شاخص‌های ساختاری جنگل در مقیاس‌های بزرگ، این‌گونه تفسیر شد که قبل از آن که این جنگل‌ها تحت تاثیر تغییرات توپوگرافی قرار گرفته باشند، دستخوش فشارهای انسانی هستند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Effects of Topography on Species Composition and Stand Structure in Central Zagros Forests

نویسندگان English

Iman Zafarian 1
Ali Soltani 2
Ali Jafari 3
1 Graduated Student of forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Iran
2 Associate professor, Department of forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University , Iran
3 Associate professor, Department of environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University , Iran
چکیده English

The study encompassed multiple forests within a 24,000-ha area in Ardal and Kiar counties, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. It involved the analysis of tree and stand indices to assess the spatial characteristics of the forests along topographic gradients. The findings indicated that the forest stands exhibited irregular and heterogeneous patterns at the plot level, particularly in terms of diameter, height and uniformity indices. However, the density and tree species composition were consistent across all forest stands. The influence of slope on tree- and stand-based indices was generally not statistically significant, except for the height diversity index, which displayed higher values in forests situated on steep slopes. Changes in the geographic aspect and altitude did not exert significant effects on tree and forest indices, except for the tree diameter diversity index, which exhibited variations with altitude. The dominant tree species observed in all forests was Quercus brantii, followed by Pistacia atlantica. The presence of certain species was influenced by topographical factors, such as Daphne mucronata being exclusive to southern slopes and plains, Fraxinus angustifolia being limited to lower altitudes, and wild almond species being restricted to specific altitude ranges. Statistical analysis revealed no significant variation in plant species distribution across the topographical factors. Notably, families including Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae exhibited the highest species counts within the entire study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Topography
Species composition
Stand structure
Zagros forests
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