پژوهش های محیط زیست

پژوهش های محیط زیست

مدل‌‌سازی مطلوبیت زیستگاه گونه قرقاول معمولی در شمال فلات ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.
2 گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.
3 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
10.22034/eiap.2026.255203
چکیده
استفاده از روش‌های مدل‌سازی زیستگاه در مدیریت حیات‌وحش از دهه 1970 سرعت یافته به‌طوری‌که به ابزاری مناسب برای حفاظت و مدیریت تبدیل شده است. این مدل‌ها بسته به هدف و نوع داده‌های در دسترس به دو دسته مدل‌های وابسته به داده‌های حضور و عدم حضور و مدل‌های وابسته به داده‌های فقط حضور تقسیم‌بندی می‌شوند. در پژوهش حاضر هدف مدل‌سازی مطلوبیت زیستگاه و برآورد مناطق دارای پتانسیل بالقوه برای قرقاول معمولی (Phasianus colchicus) در شمال فلات ایران با استفاده از روش‌های مدل‌سازی توزیع گونه است. قرقاول معمولی (Phasianus colchicus) به‌عنوان یکی از گونه‌های شاخص اکوسیستم‌های جنگلی و مرتعی، نقش مهمی در حفظ تعادل زیستی دارد. با توجه به تهدیداتی مانند تخریب زیستگاه و شکار غیرمجاز، مطالعه توزیع این گونه و شناسایی زیستگاه‌های مطلوب آن می‌تواند نقش مهمی در برنامه‌های حفاظتی و مدیریتی ایفا کند. متغیرهای زیست‌اقلیمی از پایگاه داده CHELSA، متغیرهای توپوگرافی (شامل ارتفاع و شیب) در محدوده مورد مطالعه گردآوری شدند. برای مدل‌سازی توزیع گونه در تحقیق حاضر از سه مدل خطی تعمیم یافته (GLM)، جنگل تصادفی (RF) و بیشینه آنتروپی (MaxEnt) (به‌عنوان رایج‌ترین مدل‌ها در این زمینه) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که متغیر BIO7 به‌طور مشترک با اهمیت بالایی در دو مدل برآورد شده است و مدل RF با AUC=1 بیشترین صحت را دارد. در مدل RF نتایج‌ نقشه‌‌ نهایی‌ نشان داد که‌ از زیستگاه مورد مطالعه‌ 31 درصد برای‌ گونه‌ جزء زیستگاه بسیار مطلوب به‌ حساب می‌آید. از طرفی، 13 درصد زیستگاه مطلوب، 8 درصد متوسط، 13 درصد نامطلوب و 33 درصد بسیار نامطلوب است. مطابق نتایج این مطالعه، متغیرهای دمایی نقش بسیار مهمی در پراکنش گونه قرقاول در شمال فلات ایران کشور داشته‌اند. می‌توان اذعان نمود که راهکار مناسب حفظ جمعیت این گونه و افزایش آن، مدیریت زیستگاه و احیای آن است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Habitat Suitability Modeling of Phasianus Colchicus (Common Pheasant) in the North of Iranian Plateau

نویسندگان English

Hossein Varasteh Moradi 1
Shahrzad Rahmati 2
Maliheh Borooghani 3
1 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Recouces, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Recouces, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Recouces, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده English

The use of habitat modeling methods in wildlife management has accelerated since the 1970s, so that it has become a suitable tool for conservation and management. In this study, the aim of the present study is to model habitat suitability and estimate areas with potential for Phasianus colchicus in the the north of Iranian plateau using species distribution modeling methods. The common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) is one of the key species of forest and rangeland ecosystems and plays an important role in maintaining biological balance. Considering threats such as habitat destruction and illegal hunting, studying the distribution of this species and identifying its favorable habitats can play an important role in conservation and management programs. Bioclimatic variables were obtained from the CHELSA database, topographic variables (including DEM and, accordingly, slope) in the study area were obtained from the US Geological Survey website, and species presence points were obtained from the GBIF database. To model the species distribution in this research, 3 generalized linear models (GLM), random forest (RF) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt) were used in R software (sdm package). The results show that the variable BIO7 is jointly estimated with high importance in two models and the random forest model with AUC=1 has the highest accuracy. In the RF model, the results of the final map showed that 31% of the studied habitat is considered very favorable for the species. On the other hand, 13% of the habitat is favorable, 8% is average, 13% is unfavorable and 33% is very unfavorable. According to the results of this study, temperature variables played a very important role in the distribution of pheasant species in the north of Iranian plateau. It can be acknowledged that the proper way to maintain and increase the population of this species is to manage the habitat and restore it.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Phasianus colchicus
Species distribution models
Suitable habitat
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