پژوهش های محیط زیست

پژوهش های محیط زیست

ارزیابی تغییرات کاربری و مطلوبیت زیستگاه با استفاده از سنجش از راه دور و GIS (منطقه مورد مطالعه: پارک ملی خبر در استان کرمان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
دکتری تخصصی محیط‌زیست، گروه برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت و آموزش محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، ایران
10.22034/eiap.2025.229967
چکیده
کاربری اراضی منابع ارزشمند و محدودی هستند. بنابراین، اهمیت حفظ و نگهداری از این‌ گونه اراضی به دلیل اهمیت از نظر اقتصادی و برطرف کردن نیازهای معیشتی جمعیت، امری طبیعی و ضروری است. یکی از مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌های کاربری اراضی تناسب کاربری می‌باشد که فرآیندی است که تعیین‌کننده سازگاری زمین، برای استفاده‌ای تعریف شده می‌باشد. هدف اصلی تحلیل تناسب کاربری، کمک به برنامه‌ریزان و تصمیم‌سازان برای یافتن مناسب‌ترین موقعیت و الگوی چینش فعالیت‌ها در زمینه‌ای مورد برنامه‌ریزی است. بنابراین امروزه با هدف برنامه‌ریزی متناسب و اجرای موفق برنامه‌ها، نیازمند اطلاعات صحیح، دقیق و به‌روز از نسبت تغییرات کاربری‌های اراضی و سیمای زمین می‌باشیم، لذا فناوری سنجش‌ازدور به دلیل داشتن دید فضایی و یکپارچه از سیمای زمین و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی به دلیل داشتن قابلیت تجزیه‌وتحلیل، مدل‌سازی و تهیه نقشه‌های کاربری می‌توانند در این راستا کارآمد باشند. بدین‌منظور هدف این پژوهش ارزیابی تغییرات کاربری و مطلوبیت زیستگاه پارک ملی خبر در استان کرمان در 50 سال گذشته با استفاده از سنجش‌ازدور و GIS می‌باشد. در این پژوهش به‌منظور تهیه نقشه کاربری اراضی از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست در سال‌های 1974 الی 2023 استفاده ‌شده است و به‌منظور مدل‌سازی مطلوبیت زیستگاه از GIS و مدل‌های ارزیابی چندین معیاره شامل مدل منطق فازی و تاپسیس استفاده ‌شده است. به‌طوری‌که معیارهایی چون طبقات کاربری، پوشش‌های گیاهی، خاک و میزان فرسایش‌پذیری حداکثر و حداقل، درصد شیب زمین و مقدار فاصله از رودخانه و گسل به‌منظور مدل‌سازی در نظر گرفته‌ شده است. به‌منظور پیاده‌سازی مدل‌سازی ابتدا تمامی‌معیارها به لایه‌های رستری تبدیل ‌شده و بر مبنای اهمیت و ارزش‌گذاری وزن‌دهی شده‌اند و در نهایت لایه‌ها با همدیگر تلفیق و همپوشانی و نقشه نهایی تهیه ‌شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که زیستگاه خبر در طول 50 سال گذشته تغییرات کاربری اراضی زیادی داشته است به‌طوری‌که از اراضی جنگلی- زیستگاه حیات‌وحش و کشاورزی- فضای سبز کاسته شده و به اراضی غیرقابل استفاده نامرغوب و اراضی بایر اضافه ‌شده است. تغییرات کاربری باعث افزایش میزان فرسایش‌پذیری خاک در منطقه مورد مطالعه شده است و به‌منظور پایش پوشش گیاهی منطقه از شاخص NDVI استفاده ‌شده است که نتایج بررسی کاهش میانگین پوشش‌های گیاهی در سال‌های مورد مطالعه را نشان داد. در نهایت نتایج مدل‌سازی نشان داد که بیشتر مساحت پارک ملی خبر دارای مطلوبیت بالا و متوسط از نظر تناسب کاربری می‌باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of Land Use Changes and the Desirability of Habitat Suitability Using Remote Sensing and GIS (Study Area: Khabar National Park in Kerman Province)

نویسنده English

Amir Memarzadeh Kiani
PhD in Environment, Department of Environmental Planning, Management and Education, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Land use is a valuable and limited resource. Therefore, the importance of preserving and maintaining such lands due to their economic importance and meeting the livelihood needs of the population is natural and necessary. One of the most important characteristics of land use is land use suitability, which is a process that determines the suitability of land for a defined use. The main purpose of land use suitability analysis is to help planners and decision makers find the most appropriate location and pattern of activities in a planned area. Therefore, today, with the aim of appropriate planning and successful implementation of programs, we need accurate, accurate and up-to-date information on the ratio of land use changes and land landscape. Therefore, remote sensing technology, due to its spatial and integrated view of the land landscape, and geographic information systems, due to its ability to analyze, model and prepare land use maps, can be effective in this regard. For this purpose, the purpose of this study is to evaluate land use changes and habitat suitability of Khabar National Park in Kerman Province in the past 50 years using remote sensing and GIS. In this study, Landsat satellite images from 1974 to 2023 were used to prepare a land use map. In order to model habitat suitability, GIS and multi-criteria evaluation models, including fuzzy logic and TOPSIS, were used. Criteria such as land use classes, vegetation cover, soil, maximum and minimum erodibility, percentage of land slope, and distance from the river and fault were considered for modeling. In order to implement the modeling, first all the criteria were converted into raster layers and weighted based on importance and valuation, and finally the layers were combined and overlapped and the final map was prepared. The research results showed that the Khabar habitat has undergone many land use changes over the past 50 years, such that forest lands - wildlife habitat and agriculture - green space have been reduced and inferior unusable lands and barren lands have been added. The land use changes have increased the rate of soil erosion in the study area. And in order to monitor the vegetation of the region, the NDVI index was used, which showed the results of the study of the average decrease in vegetation cover in the years under study. Finally, the modeling results showed that most of the area of Khabar National Park has high and medium desirability in terms of land use suitability.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Khabar National Park
Landsat
Fuzzy-TOPSIS
Land Use
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