مروری بر کاربردهای کانی های رسی در محیط زیست

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ولایت ایرانشهر

2 دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

کانی‌های رسی از فراوان‌ترین مواد موجود در طبیعت هستند که کاربردهای صنعتی زیادی دارند و طی چند دهه اخیر به کاربردهای محیط‌زیستی آنها نیز توجه ویژه‌ای شده است. در این مقاله مروری، مهمترین کاربردهای محیط‌زیستی کانی‌های رسی از جمله کنترل محل‌های دفن پسماند، جذب آلاینده‌ها، کاهش مصرف آفت‌کش‌ها و کودها و نظیر آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. یکی از مهمترین ویژگی‌های کانی‌های رسی در رابطه با کاربردشان در محیط‌زیست، ظرفیت جذب آنهاست که با روش‌های مختلف مثل تیمارهای اسیدی، بازی، سورفکتانت و نمک‌ها افزایش می‌یابد و به عنوان جاذب ارزان و موثر در تصفیه آب و فاضلاب استفاده می‌شوند. پر کاربردترین کانی‌های رسی در این رابطه، بنتونیت است که به دلیل ویژگی‌های ویژه آن مثل سطح ویژه و ظرفیت جذب بالاتر نسبت به کائولین و سپیولیت، بیشتر مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. در ایران مهم‌ترین کاربرد بنتونیت در زمینه حفاری و ریخته‌گری است و توجه کمتری به کاربردهای محیط‌زیستی این ماده ارزشمند شده است. لذا، لازم است بنتونیت به عنوان یک ماده خام مهم از لحاظ اقتصادی و محیط‌زیستی مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review of the Environmental Applications of Clay Minerals

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soghra Yaghoubi Rahni 1
  • Nourollah Mirghafari 2
1 Velayat University, Iranshahr
2 Isfahan University of Technology
چکیده [English]

Clay minerals are one of the most abundant natural materials that have many industrial applications, while their environmental uses has recieved consideration in the past few decades. In this paper, the most important environmental applications of clay mineral such as landfill liner, adsorption of pollutants, reduction of the need to pesticides and fertilizers and so on have been reviewed. One of the most important characteristics of clay minerals regarding their environmental applications is their sorption capacity that increases through different types of surface modification methods such as acid treatment, alkali, surfactant and salt application that changes them into a cheap and effective adsorbent in water and wastewater treatment. Bentonite is the most-used clay mineral due to its special characteristics such as higher surface area and adsorption capacity compared to the sepiolite and kaolin. In Iran, bentonite is mostly used in drilling and foundry, and little attention has been paid to its environmental applications. Hence, we provide a review of the economic and environmental applications of this mineral.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environment
  • Clay Minerals
  • Pollution
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