بررسی تغییرات پوشش گیاهی و کاربری اراضی در محدوده تالاب بین المللی گمیشان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تغییرات پوشش گیاهی و کاربری اراضی در محدوده تالاب بین المللی گمیشان استان گلستان در بازه زمانی 2016-1994 انجام شده است. جهت نمونه‌‌برداری پوشش مرتعی پس از تعیین تیپ‌‌های گیاهی، با استفاده از 6 ترانسکت 100 متری و 15 پلات 1مترمربعی، پوشش گیاهی نمونه‌‌برداری شد. مقایسه داده‌‌‌‌های به دست آمده در نرم افزار SPSS 16 با استفاده از آزمون t جفتی صورت گرفت. جهت استخراج کاربری‌‌های اراضی حاشیه تالاب گمیشان از داده‌‌های ماهواره لندست استفاده و نقشه کاربری اراضی منطقه در دو مقطع زمانی تهیه شده است. نتایج حاصل از تهیه نقشه کاربری‌‌ها نشان داد که میزان آب دریا در اطراف تالاب از سال 1994 تا 2016 کاهش یافته و در عین حال کاربری بخش زراعت در اطراف تالاب افزایش یافته است. بطوری که از سال 1994 تا 2016، 87/0 درصد از مساحت آب کاهش یافته و به سایر کاربری‌‌ها تبدیل شده است. بر اساس بررسی تغییرات کاربری اراضی در دوره زمانی مورد مطالعه، میزان مرتع و اراضی کشاورزی در سال 2016 نسبت به سال 1994 به ترتیب 62/1 و 08/1 درصد افزایش داشته است. همچنین مقایسه درصد پوشش گونه‌‌های گیاهی غالب مرتعی در منطقه نشان داد که گونه‌های Halostachys caspica، Holocnemumstrobilaceum، Lophochloa phleoidess،Frankenia hirsute  و Salicornia herbaceaافزایش معنی‌‌داری در سطح 5 درصد نسبت به سال 1994 داشته‌‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Vegetation and Land Use Changes in International Gomishan Wetlands Area

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadreza Tatian 1
  • Sara Mottahedi 1
  • reza tamartash 1
  • Mousa Akbarlou 2
1 Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University
2 Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
چکیده [English]

The objective of this study was to investigate the vegetation changes and land use in the international Gomishan wetland area in Golestan province during 1994-2016. For rangelands sampling, after determination of vegetation types, the sampling was done using 6 transects of 100 meters and 15 plots of 1 m2. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 and t-test (paired). Landsat satellite TM data was used and the land use map of the area was prepared in two time period. The results of the land uses mapping showed that the amount of sea water around the wetland decreased from 1994 to 2016, while the use of the agricultural lands increased around the wetland. So that, 0.87% of the water area has fallen to other uses from1994 to 2016. Based on the information of land use changes in this period, the amount of rangelands and agricultural lands increased 1.62% and 1.08% in 2016 compared to 1994. Also, the comparison of the coverage of rangelands dominant plants showed that Halostachys caspica, Holocnemum strobilaceum, Lophochloa phleoidess, Frankenia hirsute and Salicornia herbacea in 2016 increased significantly with a 5% significant level compared to 1994.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gomishan wetland
  • Vegetation cover
  • Remote Sensing (RS)
  • Land use
  • Landsat
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