تاثیر شاخص‌های محیط‌زیستی بر احساس امنیت در محله‌های شهری (پژوهش‌موردی: کرمانشاه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای معماری، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 استادیار مدعو معماری- شهرسازی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 استادیار گروه معماری- شهرسازی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران

4 استادیار گروه معماری، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

شاخص محیط‌‌زیست شهری از عواملی است که در پژوهش حاضر سعی شد، تاثیرش بر احساس امنیت در فضای شهری مورد سنجش قرار گیرد. در راستای این پژوهش، با هدف تحلیل فضایی احساس امنیت شهروندان در محله‌های شهر کرمانشاه؛ محله‌های فیض‌‌آباد، 22بهمن، جوانشیر، آبادانی و مسکن، شریعتی، سعدی، آقاجان، چنانی، جعفرآباد و الهیه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته شد. روش تحقیق از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی، بر اساس ماهیت روش، توصیفی‌تحلیلی است. احساس امنیت به‌‌عنوان متغیر وابسته و کیفیت محیط‌‌زیست به عنوان متغیر مستقل در قالب شش شاخص آلودگی هوا، آلودگی صوتی، پسماند، سرانه فضای سبز، وضعیت مجاری فاضلاب و نسبت ساختمان‌های بادوام به کل ساختمان‌ها و تاثیر آن‌‌ها بر احساس امنیت در نظر گرفته شد. پس از گردآوری داده‌‌ها، با بهره‌‌گیری از تکنیک تاپسیس، به ارزیابی هر یک از محله‌‌ها از نظر احساس امنیت شهری بر اساس شاخص مطروحه پرداخته شد. بر اساس بررسی‌‌های صورت گرفته، محله 22بهمن با توزیع متناسب فضای سبز، میزان حجم زباله کمتر، درصد بیشتر ساختمان‌های بادوام و ... برخوردارترین محله شهر کرمانشاه و محله فیض‌‌آباد با بافت آشفته، آلودگی هوا، بوی نامطبوع فاضلاب، حجم زباله، آلودگی صوتی و کمترین میزان توزیع فضای سبز، محروم‌‌ترین محله از لحاظ شاخص محیط‌‌زیست شهری در میان محله‌‌های مورد مطالعه ارزیابی شد. بر همین اساس نتیجه شد که احساس امنیت در این محله‌‌ها رابطه مستقیمی با کیفیت شاخص‌‌های محیط‌‌زیست دارد. نتایج این پژوهش می‌‌تواند به مدیران و دست‌‌اندرکاران شهر کرمانشاه در افزایش امنیت شهری با بهره‌‌گیری از شاخص‌‌های محیط‌‌زیستی کمک شایانی نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Environmental Indicators on the Feeling of Security in Urban Neighborhoods (Case Study: Kermanshah)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sonia Amjadian 1
  • sonia amjadian 2
  • ali seyed ali 3
  • Maryam Ansarimanesh 4
1 PhD Student in Architecture, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Assis. Profe. of Architecture-urbanism, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Assist. Profe. of Architecture-urbanism, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
4 Assist. Profe. of Architecture, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Feeling the sense of security has been considered as one of the important criteria of quality of urban life. The urban environment index is one of the factors that in the present study tried to measure its impact on the sense of security in the urban space. In line with this research, with the aim of spatial analysis of citizens' sense of security in the neighborhoods of Kermanshah; Faizabad, 22 Bahman, Javanshir, Abadani and Maskan, Shariati, Saadi, Aghajan, Chenani, Jafarabad and Elahieh neighborhoods were evaluated. The research method was descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose, application, and nature of the method. feeling the sense of security as a dependent variable and environmental quality as an independent variable in the form of six indicators of air pollution, noise pollution, waste, green space per capita, sewer condition and the ratio of durable buildings to total buildings and their impact on feeling the sense of security. After collecting the data, using TOPSIS technique, each neighborhood was evaluated in terms of feeling of urban security based on the proposed index. According to the studies, 22 Bahman neighborhood with proportional distribution of green space, less garbage volume, higher percentage of durable buildings, etc. The most affluent neighborhood of Kermanshah and Faizabad neighborhood with turbulent texture, air pollution, unpleasant odor of sewage, garbage volume, Noise pollution and the lowest distribution of green space, the most deprived neighborhood in terms of urban environment index was assessed among the studied neighborhoods. Accordingly, it was concluded that feeling the sense of security in these neighborhoods is directly related to the quality of environmental indicators. The results of this study can help managers and those involved in Kermanshah in increasing urban security by using environmental indicators.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Security
  • TOPSIS
  • Green space
  • Urban environment

مراجع

Adibi saad nezhad, F. & Azimi, A. 2012. Explaining security in urban environments based on physical and design parameters. Environmental based territorial planning, 15: 81-105. (in Persian).
Alikhah, F. & Najibi Rabiei, M. 2006. Fear of crime among women atpublic spaces social welfare, 6(22): 109-131. (in Persian).
Azimi Hashemi, M. 2005. Comparative analysis of socio-economic security of Mashhad and Iran. Journal of Khorasan culture. (in Persian).
Bonnete, C.; Sophie, B. & Pascal, G. 2007. Effects of Security Location on Socital Security in France. Population, 61(1): 41–70.
Brownlow, A. 2004. A geography of men_s fear, Department of Geography and Urban Studies, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, Geoforum 36, www.elsevier.com/locate/geoforum.
Boyle, J.; Findlay, C. & Forsyth, L. 2001. An Investigation into Women’s Perceptions of Fear and the Design of the Urban Environment. London, Edinburgh College of Art, School of Architecture.
Cozens, P. M. 2000. Investigating defensible space and the criminogenic capacity of characteristic British housing designs. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Glamorgan).
Dey, K.; Stump, C. & Carreon, D. 2003. Confrontation and Loss of Control: Masculinity and Men’s Fear in Public Space. Journal of Environmental at the Annual Meeting of the ASC Annual Meeting, St. Louis Adam's Mark, St. Louis, Missouri, November 12.
Foster, S.; Knuiman, M.; Villanueva, K.; Wood, L.; Christian, H. & Giles-Corti, B. 2014. Does Walkable Neighbourhood Design Influence the Association between Objective Crime and Walking?. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11:100.
Gert, V. B. 2005. Fearofcrime: feeling (un) safeand (in) secureinther is ksociety. Availablefrom:http: //mineco.fgov.be/informations/statistics/studies/ac084_en.
Gharaei, F.; Radjahanbani, N. & Rashidpour, N. 2010. Study of sense of safety in different urban areas, case study: A comparison of regions and of Tehran municipality. Armanshahr, 3(4): 17-32. (in Persian).
Giordano, L. M. 2008. Land Use, Street Networks, and Crime Patterns in the Mattapan Section of Boston, Massachusetts, Paper presented.
Kolahchian, M. 2003. Opposition crisis analysis. 2003. Tehran: strategic stdies institute. (in Persian).
Lavalle, C. 2010. The European Environment. Copenhagen, Publications office of the European Union. Denmark.
Meyer, T. & Qhobela, M. 1998. The history of crime prevention through environmental design: A comparative study. CSIR. Division of building technology.
Miller, D. & Drawe, D. 2013. Urban environmental planning (Ploicies, instruments and methods in an international perspective). Translator: Zarbani, A.;   Meshkini, A.; Faryad, P.; Nezhad, H. Tehran: Pars zia publishers. First edition. (in Persian).
Mirhoseini, Z. & Jahanbakhsh, H. 2017. The effect of the physical components of the historical context on the environmental security of tourists (case study: Aedakan, Charkhab neighborhood). Hoviatahahr, 10(28): 89-104. (in Persian).
Moayedi, M.; Alinejezhad, M. & Navaei, H. 2014. Study of the pattern of urban landscape components in improving the level of security in urban public spaces, case study: Evin neighborhood of Tehran. Social security studies, (35): 159-191. (in Persian).
Moazen Jami, M. 1998. Take o look at pathology of national security. Defense strategic studies, 1(1): 74-90. (in Persian).
Mumford, L. 2004. Cities culture. Tranaslator: Aqvami Moghadam, A. Tehran: Architecture and urban planning research center. (in Persian).
Parivar, P.; Yavari, A.; Faryadi, S.; Sotoudeh, A. 2009. Analysis of ecological structure of Tehran landscape to develop restoration and enhanced environmental quality strategies. Journal of environmental studies, (51): 45-56. (in Persian).
Rabbani, R. & Hemmati, R. 2009. Socialogical explanation of fear of crime a case study of Zanjan citizens, 9(3-4): 58-88. (in Persian).
Rajabipour, M. 2003. An introduction to the sense of security in field of purpose. Journal of police, 5(18): 8-29. (in Persian).
Robati, M. 2015. Urban Environmental Quality Measurement Using The Combined Index Model Of Tehran Metropolitan Case Study. Land Examinations. 7(2), 275-255. (In Persian with English abstract).
Seyfoldini, F.; Mansourian, H. 2012. Pattern of urban services concentration and its environmental impacts on Tehran city. Journal of environmental studies, 37(60) 53-64. (in Persian).
Sherman, B. 1988. Cities Fit to Live in (Themes of Variation). London: Derek Jones.
Siebel, W. & Wehrheim, j. 2003. security and the urban public sphere. urban studies, 42(2), 45-60.
Spelman, W. 1993. Abandoned buildings: Magnets for crime?. Journal of Criminal Justice. 21(5):481-495.
UN Habitat. 2009. Planning Sustainable Cities. Global Report On Human Settlements.
Wilson. J. & Kelling, G. 2003. Broken windows theory, the police and neighborhood safety. Translate by: Sadri Tohid Khane, M. (in Persian).
Zabetian, E.; Bemanian, M. & Rafieian, M. 2010. Evaluation of the planning pattern of landuses on women safety improvement in urban spacec, (case study: central district of Tehran city). Quarterly journal of social sciences, (48): 107-147. (in Persian).
Zangiabadi, A. & Rahimi, N. 2010. Spatial analysis of crime in Karaj city (witeused GIS). Private law stidies, 40(2): 179-198. (in Persian).
پژوهش های محیط زیست
دوره 12، شماره 24
مجله پژوهشی
اسفند 1400
صفحه 43-51

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار