تحلیل رشد کالبدی شهر کرج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای برنامه‌‌ریزی محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه برنامه‌‌ریزی، مدیریت و آموزش محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استاد دانشکده شهرسازی، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

10.22034/eiap.2023.179861

چکیده

شهر پدیده‌‌ای ساکن نیست و با فعالیت‌‌های انسانی و طبیعی و متاثر از عوامل مختلف در حال تغییر شکل، تحول و گسترش در ابعاد مختلف است. هدف این پژوهش شناخت پایداری یا ناپایداری الگوی رشد کالبدی شهر کرج و تحلیل آن از طریق مدل‌‌های کمی است. روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و با استفاده از مدل‌‌های آنتروپی شانون و هلدرن به تعیین الگوی موجود رشد فیزیکی شهر پرداخته است. مناطق ده‌‌گانه شهر کرج در فاصله‌‌ سال‌‌های 1335 تا 1395 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و جامعه‌‌ی آماری کل شهر کرج در سالهای مختلف از نظر شاخص‌‌های جمعیت هر منطقه، مساحت ساخته شده هر منطقه، مساحت کلی و همچنین وسعت شهر و سرانه‌‌ ناخالص مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. رشد جمعیت و گسترش سطح زیر پوشش بافت شهری کرج نمودی از فرآیند جذب جمعیت به مرکز سیاسی-خدماتی کشور است که باعث رشد و گسترش نامتعادل بافت شهری است و با موقعیت و شرایط خاص خود به طور عینی با پدیده پراکنده رویی مواجه است لذا برای تأیید این ادعا مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. یافته‌‌ها نشان می‌‌دهد که شهر کرج رشد کالبدی فراوانی داشته و می‌‌توان الگوی رشد پراکنده یا گسترش افقی بی‌‌رویه را برای این شهر متصور شد. ضریب آنتروپی شانون برای سال‌‌های 1390و 1395 به ترتیب 4849/2 و 20374/2 می‌‌باشد که نشان دهنده رشد افقی طی دوره مطالعه پنج ساله است. نتایج مدل هلدرن نیز نشان می‌‌دهد که طی دوره‌‌ 60 ساله، از مساحتی که به پهنه‌‌ی شهر کرج اضافه شده است، از مجموع صد درصد افزایش، 108درصد ناشی از افزایش جمعیت بوده است و منفی 8 درصد ناشی از افزایش سرانه کل شهری که نشان از ناپایداری دارد. نتایج نشان دهنده این واقعیت است که این شهر در سطح بالایی از پراکندگی و بی‌‌نظمی در رشد جمعیت است و توسعه فیزیکی آن افقی و فراتر از حد معقول است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Urban Physical Growth in Karaj City

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aysan Imanpour Namin 1
  • Esmaeil Salehi 2
  • Esfandyar Zebardast 3
1 Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 School of Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The city is not a fixed and inhabited phenomenon and due to human and natural activities and influenced by various factors, constantly changing shape, evolution and expansion in different dimensions. The purpose of this study is to identify the sustainability or unsustainability of the physical growth pattern of Karaj City and its analysis through quantitative models of Shannon and Holdern entropy coefficient. The research method used in this research is analytical-descriptive and quantitative models of Shannon and Holdern entropy coefficient have been used to measure the physical growth of the city. the ten regions of the Karaj have been studied between 1335 and 1395. The statistical population of the whole city has been studied in different years in terms of several indicators, which are the population of each region, the built-up area of each region, the total area, and also City area and per capita area. Alborz province is the second most rapidly migrating province in the country and Karaj city is the center of the province and the youngest metropolis of the country due to its location and special conditions is objectively faced with the phenomenon of sprawl growth and unsustainable development. The results show that Karaj city in terms of physical growth, in recent years, has faced much growth. As one can imagine the pattern of sprawl growth or uncontrolled horizontal expansion for this city. The amount of Shannon entropy for 1390 and 1395 are 2.4849 and 2.20374, respectively, which shows the horizontal growth during this 5-year period and the results of the Holdern model showed that during a period of 60 years, of the area added to the city of Karaj, out of a total of 100% increase, 108% was due to population growth and -8% was due to total per capita increase which indicates unsustainability. The results indicate the fact that this city is at a high level of scattering and is experiencing a very high level of disorder and population growth, and its physical development has been horizontal and beyond reasonable limits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban Physical Growth Pattern
  • Urban sprawl
  • Sustainable Development
  • Holdern
  • Shannon Entropy

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پژوهش های محیط زیست
دوره 14، شماره 27
مجله پژوهشی
شهریور 1402
صفحه 199-218

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