پژوهش های محیط زیست

پژوهش های محیط زیست

ارائه مدلی سطح‌‌بندی شده از الزامات پیاده‌سازی خط‌‌مشی‌‌های حوزه حفاظت و بهره‌‌برداری از جنگل‌‌های شمال کشور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
2 دکتری، مدیریت دولتی گرایش تصمیم‌گیری و خط‌مشی‌گذاری عمومی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.
3 کارشناسی ارشد، سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/eiap.2026.489946.2618
چکیده
با توجه به جایگاه حیاتی جنگل‌های شمال کشور، حفاظت و بهره‌برداری پایدار از این منابع‌طبیعی یکی از اولویت‌های اصلی خط‌مشی‌گذاری محیط‌زیستی در ایران به‌شمار می‌آید. با این‌ حال، بررسی‌های میدانی و اسناد سیاستی نشان می‌دهد که پیاده‌سازی مؤثر خط‌مشی‌های مرتبط با جنگل، با چالش‌هایی جدی در سطوح مختلف اجرایی مواجه است. این تحقیق با هدف ارائه الزامات نظری برای اجرای خط‌مشی‌های محیط‌زیستی حوزه حفاظت و بهره‌برداری از جنگل‌های شمال بر اساس مدل‌سازی ساختاری- تفسیری انجام شده است. استراتژی اصلی پژوهش، بهره‌‌گیری هم‌زمان از روش کیفی تحلیل مضمون و روش کمّی مدل‌سازی ساختاری- تفسیری به‌‌صورت آمیخته متوالی بوده است. در بخش تحلیل مضمون پژوهش، نه نفر از خبرگان به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. در زمینه نمونه‌گیری تحلیل مضمون و مدل‌سازی ساختاری- تفسیری رویکرد نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و نظری استفاده شد. از ابزار مصاحبه برای تحلیل مضمون و از ابزار پرسشنامه برای اجرای رویکرد مدل‌سازی ساختاری- تفسیری استفاده‌ شده است. در بخش کمّی 16 پرسشنامه در اختیار خبرگان اداره کل منابع‌طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان‌های مازندران، گیلان و گلستان قرار گرفت. در بخش کیفی در این پژوهش 520 کد باز (مفهوم اولیه)، 407 مضمون پایه، 61 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده و 13 مضمون فراگیر شامل چالش‌‌های اصول‌گرایی، مطالعه و پژوهش، مدیریت منابع، عمل‌گرایی، هنجارگذاری ساختاری، پویایی، آرمان محوری، نظام‌مندی، توسعه بوم محور، حل مسئله، طراحی بسته ابزاری، بوروکرات‌های سطح خیابان، مشارکت شهروندان شناسایی ‌شده است. مدل نهایی حاصل از رویکرد مدل‌سازی تفسیر ساختاری در 5 سطح تشکیل ‌شده است که مطالعه و پژوهش در سطح پنجم تأثیرگذارترین سطح می‌باشد. تحلیل میک‌مک نشان می‌دهد که مطالعه و پژوهش، مدیریت منابع، آرمان محوری و طراحی بسته ابزاری از نوع متغیرهای مستقل هستند؛ این متغیرها دارای وابستگی کم و هدایت بالا می‌‌باشند به‌عبارتی‌ دیگر تأثیرگذاری بالا و تأثیرپذیری کم از ویژگی‌‌های این متغیرها است. رویکرد مشارکتی مبتنی بر حکمرانی جنگل، سبب انگیزه همکاری مردم محلی و سایر ذی‌‌نفعان در اعمال قوانین کنترل جنگل با دولت می‌‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Presenting a Leveled Model of the Requirements for the Implementation of Policies in the Field of Protection and Exploitation of Forests in the North of the Iran

نویسندگان English

Vajollah Ghorbanizadeh 1
Aghil Ghorbani Paji 2
Ali Maleki 3
1 Associate Professor, Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
2 Phd, Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.
3 MSc., Science and Technology Policy, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Background: Given the vital role of the forests of the north of the country, the conservation and sustainable use of these natural resources is one of the main priorities of environmental policymaking in Iran. However, field surveys and policy documents show that the effective implementation of forest-related policies faces serious challenges at various levels of implementation. This study aims to present theoretical requirements for implementing environmental policies in the field of protection and exploitation of northern forests based on structural-interpretive modeling. Method: The main research strategy was to simultaneously use the qualitative method of content analysis and the quantitative method of structural-interpretive modeling in a sequential mixed form. In the content analysis section of the research, nine experts were selected as samples. In the context of content analysis and structural-interpretive modeling, a purposive and theoretical sampling approach was used. The interview tool was used for content analysis and the questionnaire tool was used to implement the structural-interpretive modeling approach. In the quantitative section, 16 questionnaires were provided to experts from the General Directorate of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Mazandaran, Gilan, and Golestan provinces. Findings: In the qualitative part of this study, 520 open codes (initial concepts), 407 basic themes, 61 organizing themes, and 13 overarching themes were identified, including the challenges of principle, study and research, resource management, pragmatism, structural norming, dynamism, ideal-centeredness, systematicity, ecosystem-centered development, problem solving, Instrument design, street-level bureaucrats, and citizen participation. The final model resulting from the structural interpretation modeling approach is composed of 5 levels, with study and research being the most influential level at the fifth level. MICMAC analysis shows that study and research, resource management, ideal-centeredness, and toolbox design are independent variables; these variables have low dependence and high directionality, in other words, high influence and low influence are the characteristics of these variables. Conclusion: A participatory approach to forest governance motivates local people and other stakeholders to cooperate with the government in implementing forest control laws.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Environmental policies
Policy implementation
Forests in the north of the country
Structural-interpretive modeling
Education and research
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