پژوهش های محیط زیست

پژوهش های محیط زیست

ارزیابی تأثیرات روان‌شناختی و اجتماعی پرنده‌نگری از طریق شنیدن در نابینایان و کم‌‌بینایان مطالعه موردی: پناهگاه حیات‌‌وحش سلکه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
استادیار گردشگری، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.
10.22034/eiap.2026.489732.2617
چکیده
گردشگری در دسترس تنها به جنبه‌های فیزیکی محدود نمی‌شود، بلکه خدمات را با تجربیات حسی پیوند می‌دهد و نیازها و ویژگی‌های خاص افراد دارای معلولیت را در نظر می‌گیرد. پرنده‌نگری و شنیدن صدای پرندگان می‌تواند نمونه‌ای خوب از فعالیتی باشد که بازدید از مکان‌های جدید را با فعالیت‌های خارج از خانه برای نابینایان پیوند می‌دهد. این فعالیت می‌تواند از طریق مزایای تجربه‌‌های تعاملی در طبیعت و در نتیجه ارتباط با خدمات بوم‌‌شناختی، نتایج مثبتی برای بازدیدکنندگان به همراه داشته باشد. مکان برگزاری تور پرنده‌‌نگری، مرکز آموزش محیط‌زیست واقع در پناهگاه حیات‌وحش سلکه صومعه‌‌سرا به‌عنوان قطب پرنده نگری استان گیلان انتخاب گردید. روش پژوهش از نوع ترکیبی (کیفی-کمّی) انتخاب گردید تا به‌طور عمیق‌تری تأثیرات روان‌شناختی و اجتماعی پرنده‌نگری از طریق شنیدن را در افراد نابینا بررسی شود. به منظور پاسخگویی به پرسش‌نامه محقق ساخته این مطالعه، نمونه‌گیری به روش هدفمند و در دسترس و به تعداد 20 نفر از نابینایان و کم بینایان استان گیلان انجام شد. پیش از انجام پرنده‌‌نگری و پس از آن از مشارکت‌کنندگان خواسته شد که پرسش‌نامه‌های روان‌شناختی و اجتماعی را تکمیل کنند تا مقایسه‌ای بین حالت اولیه و نهایی انجام شود. همچنین مصاحبه‌‌های عمیق نیمه‌‌ساختاریافته نیز در پایان اجرای تور انجام شد. نتایج آزمون تی زوجی نشان داد که پس از شرکت در این فعالیت، اضطراب موقعیتی (71/4=t و 00015/0=p) و اضطراب خصیصه‌ای (40/2=t و 026/0=p) کاهش معناداری داشتند، در حالی ‌که رضایت از زندگی (56/4-=t و 0002/0=p) افزایش یافت. از نظر اجتماعی، حس تعلق اجتماعی (01/4=t و 000737/0=p)، تعاملات بین فردی (19/2=t و 0406/0=p) و رضایت از تعاملات اجتماعی (63/5=t و 0000195/0=p) بهبود معناداری را نشان دادند. در بخش تحلیل کیفی، 75 درصد از مشارکت‌کنندگان کاهش استرس و ایجاد احساس آرامش را تجربه کردند، 50 درصد افزایش آگاهی از طبیعت را گزارش دادند، و 60 درصد به کاهش اضطراب و افزایش خودآگاهی اشاره داشتند. همچنین، 65 درصد به بهبود روحیه و کاهش خستگی و 40 درصد به تقویت روابط اجتماعی اشاره کردند. یافته‌های این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که پرنده‌نگری با استفاده از شنیدن، به‌طور قابل‌توجهی حس آرامش، ارتباط با طبیعت و تعاملات اجتماعی نابینایان را تقویت می‌کند. این نتایج به ترویج گردشگری فراگیر و دسترس‌پذیر کمک کرده و نشان می‌دهد که مکان‌های این سایت دارای پتانسیل بالایی برای ادغام در مسیرهای پیاده‌روی تورهای قابل دسترس هستند که این امر بر اهمیت این مطالعه می‌افزاید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Assessing the Psychological and Social Impacts of Birdwatching Through Listening Among Blind and Visually Impaired Individuals: A Case Study of Selkeh Wildlife Refuge

نویسنده English

Hamideh Beigi
Assistant Professor of Tourism, Geography and Urban Planning Department, Literature and Humanities Faculty, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده English

Accessible tourism is not limited to physical accessibility; rather, it connects services with sensory experiences while taking into account the specific needs and characteristics of people with disabilities. Birdwatching and listening to birdsong can be a good example of an activity that combines visiting new places with outdoor recreation for blind individuals. Through the benefits of interactive experiences in nature and, consequently, engagement with ecosystem services, this activity can produce positive outcomes for visitors. The Environmental Education Center located within the Selkeh Wildlife Refuge in Someh Sara, which is regarded as a hub for birdwatching in Gilan Province, was selected as the site for the birdwatching tour. A mixed-methods research design (qualitative–quantitative) was adopted to investigate more deeply the psychological and social impacts of birdwatching through listening among blind individuals. To complete the researcher-developed questionnaire, purposive and convenience sampling was used to recruit 20 blind and visually impaired individuals from Gilan Province. Participants were asked to complete psychological and social questionnaires both before and after the birdwatching activity in order to compare their baseline and post-intervention conditions. In addition, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted at the end of the tour. The results of the paired-samples t-test showed that, following participation in the activity, there were significant reductions in state anxiety (t = 4.71, p = 0.00015) and trait anxiety (t = 2.40, p = 0.026), while life satisfaction increased significantly (t = −4.56, p = 0.0002). From a social perspective, significant improvements were observed in social belonging (t = 4.01, p = 0.000737), interpersonal interactions (t = 2.19, p = 0.0406), and satisfaction with social interactions (t = 5.63, p = 0.0000195). In the qualitative analysis, %75 of participants reported experiencing reduced stress and a greater sense of calm; %50 reported increased awareness of nature; and %60 referred to reduced anxiety and increased self-awareness. Furthermore, 65% reported improved mood and reduced fatigue, while %40 noted strengthened social relationships. The findings of this study indicate that birdwatching through listening significantly enhances blind individuals’ sense of calm, connection with nature, and social interactions. These findings contribute to the promotion of inclusive and accessible tourism and demonstrate that the site's facilities have considerable potential for integration into walking routes designed for accessible tours, further highlighting the significance of this study.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Birdwatching
Bird Listening
Sensory Compensation
Accessible Tourism
Selkeh Wildlife Refuge
Anzali International Wetland.
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دوره 17، شماره 33
مجله پژوهشی
شهریور 1405
صفحه 151-169